{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010744831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227219","title":"Cytokine Synthesis in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after Oral Administration of Polyenzyme Preparations","display_name":"Cytokine Synthesis in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after Oral Administration of Polyenzyme Preparations","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010744831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227219","mag":"2010744831","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7694216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000227219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198727964","display_name":"Oncology","issn_l":"0030-2414","issn":["0030-2414","1423-0232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054458078","display_name":"Lucia Desser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Desser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Experimental and Applied Oncology, University of Vienna, Austria","Institute of Experimental and Applied Oncology, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Experimental and Applied Oncology, University of Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Experimental and Applied Oncology, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000370937","display_name":"Alexander Rehberger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Rehberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Experimental and Applied Oncology, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Experimental and Applied Oncology, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029186926","display_name":"Elise Kokron","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elise Kokron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Experimental and Applied Oncology, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Experimental and Applied Oncology, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068533377","display_name":"Walter R. Paukovits","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Paukovits","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5494,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59943437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"6","first_page":"403","last_page":"407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13725","display_name":"Pineapple and bromelain studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13725","display_name":"Pineapple and bromelain studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14478","display_name":"Papaya Research and Applications","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bromelain","display_name":"bromelain","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/papain","display_name":"papain","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amylase","display_name":"amylase","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypsin","display_name":"trypsin","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-production","display_name":"cytokine production","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells","display_name":"peripheral blood mononuclear cells","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1beta","display_name":"IL-1\u03b2","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-administration","display_name":"oral administration","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antitumor-enzyme","display_name":"antitumor enzyme","score":0.7929999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415756","display_name":"Bromelain","level":4,"score":0.826064944267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779832904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410420","display_name":"Papain","level":3,"score":0.7790509462356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.7516958713531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137061746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736033","display_name":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cell","level":3,"score":0.7494845986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780340462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127450","display_name":"Trypsin","level":3,"score":0.5861532092094421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.576181948184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.5735303163528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285166","display_name":"Oral administration","level":2,"score":0.5707993507385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.5675448179244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019223276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212410","display_name":"Proteolytic enzymes","level":3,"score":0.5575992465019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.5507522225379944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.45919880270957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26291073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310484","display_name":"Ex vivo","level":3,"score":0.45211493968963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193230392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663054","display_name":"Ingestion","level":2,"score":0.44770553708076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.4315013885498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3618369698524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.34997761249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3358214497566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25129246711730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000681","descriptor_name":"Amylases","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000681","descriptor_name":"Amylases","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001681","descriptor_name":"Biological Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001963","descriptor_name":"Bromelains","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004338","descriptor_name":"Drug Combinations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006867","descriptor_name":"Hydrolases","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006867","descriptor_name":"Hydrolases","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007371","descriptor_name":"Interferon-gamma","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007375","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007375","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007963","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes, Mononuclear","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007963","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes, Mononuclear","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010206","descriptor_name":"Papain","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010446","descriptor_name":"Peptide Fragments","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011863","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunoassay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012431","descriptor_name":"Rutin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012431","descriptor_name":"Rutin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015850","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-6","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015850","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-6","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000227219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198727964","display_name":"Oncology","issn_l":"0030-2414","issn":["0030-2414","1423-0232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7694216","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7694216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973849079","https://openalex.org/W2091127196","https://openalex.org/W14002891","https://openalex.org/W1978007043","https://openalex.org/W1995004655","https://openalex.org/W862008569","https://openalex.org/W2188334610","https://openalex.org/W2033538901","https://openalex.org/W2131632510","https://openalex.org/W285605221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pharmaceutical":[0],"preparations":[1,28,167,192],"containing":[2],"mixtures":[3],"of":[4,18,24,26,45,97,122,125,135,165,183],"various":[5],"proteolytic":[6],"and":[7,61,99,146],"nonproteolytic":[8],"enzymes":[9],"have":[10,33,101,194],"been":[11],"suggested":[12],"for":[13,109,131],"use":[14],"in":[15,53,58,201],"the":[16,22,76,94,113,126,139,158,180],"treatment":[17],"malignant":[19],"diseases.":[20],"However,":[21],"mode":[23],"action":[25],"such":[27,184],"was":[29],"not":[30,93],"clear.":[31],"We":[32],"shown":[34],"before":[35],"that":[36,81,119,157,190],"intact":[37],"bromelain,":[38],"papain":[39,98],"or":[40],"amylase,":[41],"which":[42,63],"are":[43,168],"components":[44],"a":[46,86,102,195],"commercial":[47],"polyenzyme":[48,127,166,191],"preparation,":[49],"induce":[50,174],"cytokine":[51,175],"production":[52,71,111],"peripheral":[54],"blood":[55],"mononuclear":[56],"cells":[57],"vitro.":[59],"IFN-alpha":[60],"IFN-gamma":[62],"had":[64,84],"no":[65],"effect":[66,198],"alone,":[67],"synergistically":[68],"increased":[69],"TNF":[70,110],"when":[72,148,199],"applied":[73],"together":[74],"with":[75,152,203],"enzymes.":[77,185],"Here":[78],"we":[79,117],"show":[80],"trypsin":[82],"alone":[83],"only":[85],"small":[87],"inducing":[88,107],"effect.":[89],"The":[90],"tryptic":[91],"but":[92],"autolytic":[95],"fragments":[96],"bromelain":[100],"higher":[103],"(10-":[104],"to":[105,141,170,173],"40-fold)":[106],"capacity":[108],"than":[112],"untreated":[114],"enzyme.":[115],"Additionally":[116],"demonstrate":[118],"after":[120,162],"ingestion":[121],"milligram":[123],"doses":[124],"preparation":[128],"(as":[129],"recommended":[130],"clinical":[132],"use),":[133],"PBMNC":[134],"healthy":[136],"donors":[137],"acquire":[138],"ability":[140,172],"produce":[142],"TNF-alpha,":[143],"IL-1":[144],"beta":[145],"IL-6":[147],"incubated":[149],"ex":[150],"vivo":[151],"IFN-gamma.":[153,204],"Our":[154,186],"results":[155,187],"indicate":[156],"biological":[159],"effects":[160,182],"observed":[161],"oral":[163],"administration":[164],"related":[169],"their":[171],"production.":[176],"This":[177],"may":[178,193],"explain":[179],"antitumor":[181],"also":[188],"suggest":[189],"stronger":[196],"immunomodulary":[197],"used":[200],"combination":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}