{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010717017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/inista.2012.6246992","title":"Load frequency control of a single area power system using Gravitational Search Algorithm","display_name":"Load frequency control of a single area power system using Gravitational Search Algorithm","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010717017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/inista.2012.6246992","mag":"2010717017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/inista.2012.6246992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/inista.2012.6246992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/inista.2012.6246992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498847","display_name":"International Conference on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/415","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014375665","display_name":"Serhat Duman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1091-125X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1091-125X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54001450","display_name":"D\u00fczce \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/04175wc52","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54001450"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serhat Duman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Education, Technical Education Faculty, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Education, Technical Education Faculty, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54001450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058688651","display_name":"Nuran Y\u00f6r\u00fckeren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-4952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-4952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuran Yorukeren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037790703","display_name":"\u0130smail H. Alta\u0219","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9298-4091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9298-4091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162720556","display_name":"Karadeniz Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z8fyr40","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162720556"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Hakki Altas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162720556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4961301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-frequency-control","display_name":"load frequency control","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-search-algorithm","display_name":"gravitational search algorithm","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-area-power-system","display_name":"single area power system","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pi-controller-tuning","display_name":"PI controller tuning","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller-tuning","display_name":"PID controller tuning","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-oscillation-damping","display_name":"frequency oscillation damping","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.9418869018554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8138494491577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5913501977920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5824388265609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5311447978019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5169591307640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4909072518348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985224515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26208718","display_name":"Gravitational search algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4598219692707062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96224696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043486","display_name":"Proportional control","level":3,"score":0.4178585410118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.40779510140419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3918333351612091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36208146810531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35001838207244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.31053367257118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2606121301651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.24738875031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21558061242103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.20286217331886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.16437217593193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0657230019569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/inista.2012.6246992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/inista.2012.6246992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/inista.2012.6246992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498847","display_name":"International Conference on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:acikerisim.duzce.edu.tr:20.500.12684/415","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196355","display_name":"DSpace - D\u00fczce (Duzce University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I54001450","host_organization_name":"D\u00fczce \u00dcniversitesi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54001450"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:acikerisim.duzce.edu.tr:20.500.12684/415","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196355","display_name":"DSpace - D\u00fczce (Duzce University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I54001450","host_organization_name":"D\u00fczce \u00dcniversitesi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54001450"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.651199996471405,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.5690000057220459,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483692774","https://openalex.org/W1520094371","https://openalex.org/W1947211130","https://openalex.org/W1954756618","https://openalex.org/W1964097242","https://openalex.org/W1975107448","https://openalex.org/W1980062751","https://openalex.org/W1988610730","https://openalex.org/W1988704804","https://openalex.org/W2002800452","https://openalex.org/W2009498319","https://openalex.org/W2019826979","https://openalex.org/W2025339755","https://openalex.org/W2027333476","https://openalex.org/W2028437524","https://openalex.org/W2044410443","https://openalex.org/W2055631528","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2088642860","https://openalex.org/W2090823085","https://openalex.org/W2106400092","https://openalex.org/W2123224617","https://openalex.org/W2144288136","https://openalex.org/W2161447215","https://openalex.org/W2182973339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2930273786","https://openalex.org/W2483097976","https://openalex.org/W2115214129","https://openalex.org/W3154158432","https://openalex.org/W60911483","https://openalex.org/W2473347084","https://openalex.org/W3209900807","https://openalex.org/W2038578397","https://openalex.org/W2588820044","https://openalex.org/W2565435310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,31,92],"novel":[4],"heuristic":[5],"search":[6],"method":[7],"called":[8],"Gravitational":[9],"Search":[10],"Algorithm":[11],"(GSA)":[12],"is":[13,43],"proposed":[14,63,89],"for":[15],"determination":[16],"of":[17,30,61,72,95,100],"the":[18,47,62,81,88],"optimal":[19],"proportional-integral":[20],"(PI)":[21],"and":[22,49,65,84],"proportional-integral-derivate":[23],"(PID)":[24],"parameters":[25,55],"in":[26,104],"load":[27],"frequency":[28],"control":[29],"single":[32,37],"area":[33,38],"power":[34,105],"system.":[35,106],"A":[36],"non":[39],"reheat":[40],"thermal":[41],"system":[42],"considered":[44],"to":[45,98],"design":[46],"PI":[48,64,74,83,102],"PID":[50,66,85],"controllers":[51,67,86],"which":[52],"have":[53],"optimized":[54],"obtained":[56],"using":[57],"GSA.":[58],"The":[59,76],"effectiveness":[60],"are":[68],"compared":[69,97],"with":[70,87],"those":[71,99],"conventional":[73,101],"controller.":[75],"simulation":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"enhanced":[82],"approach":[90],"provide":[91],"better":[93],"damping":[94],"oscillations":[96],"controller":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
