{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010708123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","title":"Diabetic neuropathy: therapies on the horizon","display_name":"Diabetic neuropathy: therapies on the horizon","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010708123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","mag":"2010708123","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article-pdf/61/9/1137/36352206/jpp.61.09.0002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118304455","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","issn_l":"0022-3573","issn":["0022-3573","2042-7158"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article-pdf/61/9/1137/36352206/jpp.61.09.0002.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052167321","display_name":"Danish Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-8691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-8691"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danish Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110385366","display_name":"Bhulan Kumar Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19716509","display_name":"Jamia Hamdard","ror":"https://ror.org/03dwxvb85","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhulan Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India","Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076106126","display_name":"Mohd Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-2672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-2672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19716509","display_name":"Jamia Hamdard","ror":"https://ror.org/03dwxvb85","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India","Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076106126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"],"apc_list":{"value":2911,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3839},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.146,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90837549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"9","first_page":"1137","last_page":"1145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12533","display_name":"Aldose Reductase and Taurine","score":0.12129999697208405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11735","display_name":"Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-neuropathy","display_name":"diabetic neuropathy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novel-therapies","display_name":"new drugs","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-modifying-drugs","display_name":"disease-modifying drugs","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aldose-reductase-inhibitors","display_name":"aldose reductase inhibitors","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-kinase-c-inhibitors","display_name":"PKC inhibitors","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotrophic-factors","display_name":"neurotrophic factors","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-factors","display_name":"growth factors","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-therapy","display_name":"gene therapy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parp-inhibitors","display_name":"PARP inhibitors","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunophilin-ligands","display_name":"immunophilin ligands","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-complications","display_name":"diabetes complications","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropathic-pain","display_name":"neuropathic pain","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.811671793460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2046550","display_name":"Diabetic neuropathy","level":3,"score":0.6264114379882812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.49115225672721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777107010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798704","display_name":"Neuropathic pain","level":2,"score":0.46294960379600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136502266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226667","display_name":"Polyol pathway","level":4,"score":0.44508880376815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.4267531633377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.35161542892456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776439734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414213","display_name":"Aldose reductase","level":3,"score":0.3277321755886078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3268893361091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.32146748900413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.20645907521247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.1887536644935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0654309093952179}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003929","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015316","descriptor_name":"Genetic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015316","descriptor_name":"Genetic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015316","descriptor_name":"Genetic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020104","descriptor_name":"Immunophilins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020104","descriptor_name":"Immunophilins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020104","descriptor_name":"Immunophilins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036341","descriptor_name":"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036341","descriptor_name":"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036341","descriptor_name":"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article-pdf/61/9/1137/36352206/jpp.61.09.0002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118304455","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","issn_l":"0022-3573","issn":["0022-3573","2042-7158"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19703362","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.09.0002","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article-pdf/61/9/1137/36352206/jpp.61.09.0002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118304455","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","issn_l":"0022-3573","issn":["0022-3573","2042-7158"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010708123.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010708123.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23128164","https://openalex.org/W106740366","https://openalex.org/W1500747637","https://openalex.org/W1964882154","https://openalex.org/W1967172766","https://openalex.org/W1968045502","https://openalex.org/W1968290491","https://openalex.org/W1972171824","https://openalex.org/W1979180498","https://openalex.org/W1979356762","https://openalex.org/W1980545488","https://openalex.org/W1982089669","https://openalex.org/W1983442180","https://openalex.org/W1984637736","https://openalex.org/W1985712620","https://openalex.org/W1988244470","https://openalex.org/W1993428219","https://openalex.org/W1999809984","https://openalex.org/W2001129294","https://openalex.org/W2003408493","https://openalex.org/W2010008476","https://openalex.org/W2010452331","https://openalex.org/W2012373895","https://openalex.org/W2014355001","https://openalex.org/W2015859311","https://openalex.org/W2019226618","https://openalex.org/W2024261280","https://openalex.org/W2025008399","https://openalex.org/W2027363052","https://openalex.org/W2030718020","https://openalex.org/W2034138847","https://openalex.org/W2037682503","https://openalex.org/W2044751581","https://openalex.org/W2045962718","https://openalex.org/W2047106058","https://openalex.org/W2047341574","https://openalex.org/W2050629341","https://openalex.org/W2053814042","https://openalex.org/W2061505784","https://openalex.org/W2062548885","https://openalex.org/W2066142526","https://openalex.org/W2068205637","https://openalex.org/W2070578255","https://openalex.org/W2074229222","https://openalex.org/W2080060358","https://openalex.org/W2084060660","https://openalex.org/W2089165207","https://openalex.org/W2093736201","https://openalex.org/W2103450921","https://openalex.org/W2107385980","https://openalex.org/W2112238437","https://openalex.org/W2113110323","https://openalex.org/W2114125742","https://openalex.org/W2122999078","https://openalex.org/W2123932686","https://openalex.org/W2129902595","https://openalex.org/W2131096470","https://openalex.org/W2133706654","https://openalex.org/W2138561622","https://openalex.org/W2140771494","https://openalex.org/W2144915110","https://openalex.org/W2151450457","https://openalex.org/W2153789216","https://openalex.org/W2154683444","https://openalex.org/W2154893083","https://openalex.org/W2155217360","https://openalex.org/W2160466492","https://openalex.org/W2161059404","https://openalex.org/W2279887543","https://openalex.org/W2319656116","https://openalex.org/W2341683673","https://openalex.org/W2398044679","https://openalex.org/W2607779897","https://openalex.org/W2886334118","https://openalex.org/W3022887809","https://openalex.org/W3192365919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157757005","https://openalex.org/W4386306060","https://openalex.org/W2188238246","https://openalex.org/W2043521084","https://openalex.org/W2102939844","https://openalex.org/W2016927144","https://openalex.org/W2555516002","https://openalex.org/W2159021220","https://openalex.org/W2167267832","https://openalex.org/W7513535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"This":[1],"is":[2,29,61],"a":[3,189],"review":[4],"of":[5,24,34,41,55,59,85],"emerging":[6],"interventions":[7,210],"from":[8],"the":[9,17,22,30,156,180,207,212],"recent":[10],"preclinical":[11],"and":[12,37,46,73,77,83,128,144,169,187,200],"clinical":[13,75,121],"literature":[14],"that":[15,68,100,123],"demonstrate":[16],"potential":[18],"for":[19,202],"effectiveness":[20],"in":[21,120,150],"therapy":[23],"diabetic":[25,185],"neuropathy":[26],"(DN).":[27],"DN":[28,60,204],"most":[31],"common":[32],"complication":[33],"diabetes":[35],"mellitus":[36],"up":[38],"to":[39,71,95,184],"50%":[40],"patients":[42],"with":[43,206],"type":[44,47],"1":[45],"2":[48],"forms":[49],"have":[50],"some":[51,117],"or":[52,111],"other":[53],"form":[54],"neuropathy.":[56],"The":[57,197],"pathology":[58],"characterized":[62],"by":[63],"progressive":[64],"nerve":[65,114],"fibre":[66],"loss":[67,84],"gives":[69],"rise":[70],"positive":[72],"negative":[74],"signs":[76],"symptoms":[78],"such":[79,139],"as":[80,140,188],"pain,":[81],"paraesthesiae":[82],"sensation.":[86],"KEY":[87],"FINDINGS:":[88],"There":[89],"are":[90,101,119,149,194,214],"very":[91],"few":[92],"drugs":[93,138],"available":[94],"directly":[96],"treat":[97],"DN.":[98],"Those":[99],"clinically":[102],"indicated":[103],"provide":[104],"symptomatic":[105],"relief":[106],"but":[107],"do":[108],"not":[109],"repair":[110],"reverse":[112],"underlying":[113],"damage.":[115],"However,":[116],"agents":[118],"development":[122],"may":[124],"support":[125],"adult":[126],"neurons":[127],"direct":[129],"reparative":[130],"processes":[131],"after":[132],"injury":[133],"stages.":[134],"Several":[135],"disease":[136],"modifying":[137],"aldose":[141],"reductase":[142],"inhibitors":[143,148,168],"protein":[145],"kinase":[146],"C":[147],"phase":[151],"III":[152],"development.":[153],"Agents":[154],"on":[155,211],"horizon":[157,213],"include":[158],"neurotrophic":[159],"factors,":[160,162],"growth":[161],"gene":[163],"therapy,":[164],"immunotherapy,":[165],"poly(ADP-ribose)":[166],"polymerase":[167],"non-immunosuppressive":[170],"immunophilin":[171],"ligands.":[172],"SUMMARY:":[173],"Progress":[174],"has":[175],"been":[176],"made":[177],"toward":[178],"understanding":[179],"biochemical":[181],"mechanisms":[182],"leading":[183],"neuropathy,":[186],"result,":[190],"new":[191],"treatment":[192],"modalities":[193],"being":[195],"explored.":[196],"pathogenesis,":[198],"types":[199],"approaches":[201],"treating":[203],"together":[205],"newer":[208],"therapeutic":[209],"discussed.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}