{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010638797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/l82-026","title":"Resistance coefficients from velocity profiles in ice-covered shallow streams","display_name":"Resistance coefficients from velocity profiles in ice-covered shallow streams","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010638797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/l82-026","mag":"2010638797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1139/l82-026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/l82-026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/l82-026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10380613","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0315-1468","issn":["0315-1468","1208-6029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045388074","display_name":"Darryl J. Calkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darryl J. Calkins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030827425","display_name":"David S. Deck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. Deck","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032142194","display_name":"Carl R. Martinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl R. Martinson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89656106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"236","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.6083999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.6083999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.3237000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-resistance","display_name":"flow resistance","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shallow-streams","display_name":"shallow streams","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velocity-profiles","display_name":"velocity profiles","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithmic-law","display_name":"logarithmic law","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-stress","display_name":"shear stress","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roughness-coefficient","display_name":"roughness coefficient","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frazil-ice","display_name":"frazil ice","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-cover","display_name":"ice cover","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-depth","display_name":"flow depth","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-velocity","display_name":"mean velocity","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21141959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657936","display_name":"Shear stress","level":2,"score":0.5876491665840149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94656876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1695787","display_name":"Shear velocity","level":3,"score":0.5619847178459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5534892678260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42090638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048907","display_name":"STREAMS","level":2,"score":0.5121016502380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.5074025988578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4479696452617645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175789628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4455262","display_name":"Thermal velocity","level":4,"score":0.43978941440582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43845808506011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1721004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134007","display_name":"Pressure ridge","level":5,"score":0.4196498394012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3773157000541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.35993194580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.2968425452709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.2019502818584442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.18086019158363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14117616415023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196735533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378564","display_name":"Drift ice","level":4,"score":0.12579959630966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.09782496094703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1139/l82-026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/l82-026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/l82-026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10380613","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0315-1468","issn":["0315-1468","1208-6029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2266977165","https://openalex.org/W2371639536","https://openalex.org/W2320774083","https://openalex.org/W2043524822","https://openalex.org/W2312200890","https://openalex.org/W4296208758","https://openalex.org/W2143025170","https://openalex.org/W288570553","https://openalex.org/W7100175275","https://openalex.org/W2385045993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Techniques":[0],"for":[1,6,25,55,81,109,124],"analyzing":[2],"flow":[3,10,27,95,174,240],"velocity":[4,38,48,108,112,179,245,250],"profiles":[5],"streams":[7,83],"where":[8,84],"the":[9,31,52,56,76,85,97,104,144,160,177,182,189,207,222,228,232,239,243,249,255,262,274],"depth":[11,46],"is":[12,79,265],"less":[13],"than":[14,75],"1":[15],"m":[16],"should":[17,50],"be":[18,116],"employed":[19],"with":[20,181,210],"caution.":[21],"The":[22,68,146,170,259],"two":[23],"procedures":[24],"calculating":[26],"resistance":[28,58,223,256],"based":[29],"on":[30,127,272],"logarithmic":[32],"law,":[33],"(1)":[34],"mean":[35,190,244],"and":[36,40,60,78,141,184,234,252],"maximum":[37,107,178],"determinations":[39],"(2)":[41],"intereept":[42],"evaluation":[43],"of":[44,106,143,156,173,220,231,261,269,277],"log":[45],"\u2013":[47],"plots,":[49],"yield":[51],"same":[53],"results":[54],"various":[57],"coefficients":[59,224],"shear":[61,121,147],"stress":[62,122,148],"values,":[63],"but":[64,195],"they":[65],"do":[66],"not.":[67],"former":[69],"procedure":[70],"generally":[71,203],"predicts":[72],"higher":[73,205],"values":[74,123,257],"latter":[77],"recommended":[80],"shallow":[82,129],"field":[86],"data":[87,246],"were":[88,192],"collected.":[89],"For":[90],"a":[91,101,110,154,164,213],"3.8":[92],"cm":[93],"diameter":[94],"sensor,":[96],"minimum":[98],"distance":[99],"from":[100,132,248],"boundary":[102],"to":[103,115,134,226],"position":[105],"good":[111],"profile":[113],"appears":[114],"roughly":[117],"15\u201320":[118],"cm.The":[119],"fluid":[120],"ice":[125,139,151,185,215,235],"covers":[126],"this":[128],"stream":[130],"range":[131],"0.1":[133],"17":[135],"Pa,":[136],"depending":[137],"upon":[138],"type":[140],"duration":[142],"cover.":[145],"under":[149],"frazil":[150],"slush":[152],"showed":[153],"drop":[155],"about":[157,176],"one":[158,168],"tenth":[159],"initial":[161],"value":[162],"over":[163],"2-week":[165],"period":[166],"at":[167],"location.":[169],"measured":[171],"division":[172],"velocities":[175,191],"associated":[180,209],"bed":[183],"boundaries":[186],"indicated":[187],"that":[188],"not":[193],"equal":[194],"often":[196],"differed":[197],"by":[198],"as":[199,201],"much":[200],"25\u201330%,":[202],"being":[204],"in":[206,267],"section":[208],"ice,":[211],"i.e.,":[212],"rougher":[214],"boundary.The":[216],"most":[217],"consistent":[218],"method":[219],"determining":[221,273],"was":[225],"define":[227],"cross-sectional":[229],"shape":[230],"river":[233],"cover":[236],"accurately,":[237],"subdivide":[238],"areas,":[241],"use":[242],"calculated":[247],"profiles,":[251],"then":[253],"compute":[254],"accordingly.":[258],"sensitivity":[260],"roughness":[263],"coefficient":[264],"discussed":[266],"terms":[268],"its":[270],"impact":[271],"total":[275],"stage":[276],"an":[278],"ice-covered":[279],"river.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}