{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010611070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/363149a0","title":"Foraminiferal boron isotope ratios as a proxy for surface ocean pH over the past 21 Myr","display_name":"Foraminiferal boron isotope ratios as a proxy for surface ocean pH over the past 21 Myr","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010611070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/363149a0","mag":"2010611070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/363149a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/363149a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/363149a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079015794","display_name":"Arthur J. Spivack","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur J. Spivack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA","Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111645500","display_name":"Chen-Feng You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-6869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-6869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Feng You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA","Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071357864","display_name":"H. Jesse Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Jesse Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA","Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":232,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93122729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"363","issue":"6425","first_page":"149","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.06589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12806","display_name":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foraminifera","display_name":"foraminifera","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boron-isotopes","display_name":"boron isotopes","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-ph","display_name":"seawater pH","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoceanography","display_name":"paleoceanography","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-co2","display_name":"atmospheric CO2","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-water-chemistry","display_name":"pore water chemistry","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-sea-sediment-core","display_name":"deep-sea sediment core","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cenozoic","display_name":"Cenozoic","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkalinity","display_name":"alkalinity","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inorganic-carbon","display_name":"inorganic carbon","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-cycle","display_name":"carbon cycle","score":0.33399999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6552601456642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206871269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464352","display_name":"Isotopes of boron","level":3,"score":0.6523393988609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45812177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432016","display_name":"Alkalinity","level":2,"score":0.605343222618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24389824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20764","display_name":"myr","level":4,"score":0.5883610248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21790881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070117","display_name":"Deep sea","level":2,"score":0.4834080934524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164304813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25276","display_name":"Isotope","level":2,"score":0.4732663631439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.45846590399742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195048187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4468919","display_name":"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere","level":3,"score":0.4500392973423004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185059815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471790","display_name":"Isotopes of carbon","level":3,"score":0.44410350918769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22117777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148629","display_name":"Stable isotope ratio","level":2,"score":0.41340452432632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.41145285964012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.41006791591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501308230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618","display_name":"Boron","level":2,"score":0.38302135467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.36114799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.3398068845272064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23591062426567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.2020576000213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.1874789297580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.16186055541038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.08522006869316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/363149a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/363149a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/363149a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5769000053405762}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552913007","https://openalex.org/W1974886743","https://openalex.org/W1975195876","https://openalex.org/W1978124677","https://openalex.org/W1999924690","https://openalex.org/W2010465868","https://openalex.org/W2014343207","https://openalex.org/W2020595147","https://openalex.org/W2032996695","https://openalex.org/W2052907768","https://openalex.org/W2065511359","https://openalex.org/W2068736775","https://openalex.org/W2084849445","https://openalex.org/W2086613667","https://openalex.org/W2145633928","https://openalex.org/W2168195426","https://openalex.org/W4231995025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143564720","https://openalex.org/W3088084061","https://openalex.org/W1502226098","https://openalex.org/W163063910","https://openalex.org/W2740459206","https://openalex.org/W2003441712","https://openalex.org/W2964969503","https://openalex.org/W1588101819","https://openalex.org/W2026455754","https://openalex.org/W2369999193"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
