{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010589551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1206","title":"Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial washings","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial washings","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010589551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1206","mag":"2010589551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8180538","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2540089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2540089","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012232550","display_name":"S P Matusiewicz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S P Matusiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh","Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111522770","display_name":"R J Fergusson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R J Fergusson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072625052","display_name":"A P Greening","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A P Greening","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109575466","display_name":"G K Crompton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G K Crompton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110954405","display_name":"Sheila M. Burns","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S M Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Virus Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5SB","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012232550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6959,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88736985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"308","issue":"6938","first_page":"1206","last_page":"1207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12369","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12369","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumocystis-carinii","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumocystis-jirovecii-pneumonia","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchoalveolar-lavage-fluid","display_name":"bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchial-lavage","display_name":"bronchial lavage","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-infection","display_name":"pulmonary infection","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfusion-safety","display_name":"transfusion safety","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfusion-errors","display_name":"transfusion errors","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-quality-assurance","display_name":"external quality assurance","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777961210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927148","display_name":"Bronchoalveolar lavage","level":3,"score":0.9626884460449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993443204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134478","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii","level":4,"score":0.9152814745903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5683903098106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778686235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21893647","display_name":"Therapeutic irrigation","level":2,"score":0.4210956394672394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3900757431983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.36859145760536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.18743619322776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11501374840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.11311814188957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.06008249521255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134478","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii","level":3,"score":0.04387208819389343}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001992","descriptor_name":"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011010","descriptor_name":"Pneumocystis","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1173214","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2540089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8180538","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8180538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2540089","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2540089/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1173214","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2540089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551782598","https://openalex.org/W2064917619","https://openalex.org/W2067990354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026338055","https://openalex.org/W2168578156","https://openalex.org/W2989983625","https://openalex.org/W2087203466","https://openalex.org/W1972273597","https://openalex.org/W2037014792","https://openalex.org/W2606584625","https://openalex.org/W2128080801","https://openalex.org/W1974934125","https://openalex.org/W2417271187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secondly,":[0],"all":[1,25,113],"hospitals":[2],"should":[3,16,58,73],"establish":[4],"clear":[5],"and":[6,28,33,50,61,79,108],"coordinated":[7],"managerial":[8],"responsibility":[9],"for":[10,23,67],"the":[11,29,38,44,51,86,93,96,106,109],"transfusion":[12,14,26,90,115],"process.Thirdly,":[13],"laboratories":[15,116],"be":[17,59,74],"required":[18],"to":[19,34,37,64,77,112],"have":[20],"a":[21],"procedure":[22],"recording":[24],"errors":[27],"corrective":[30],"action":[31],"taken":[32],"report":[35,80,111],"regularly":[36],"proposed":[39],"national":[40,97],"scheme.Fourthly,":[41],"statistics":[42],"on":[43],"number":[45,52],"of":[46,53,84,95],"blood":[47],"units":[48],"transfused":[49],"patients":[54],"who":[55],"receive":[56],"transfusions":[57],"collected":[60],"reported":[62],"nationally":[63],"provide":[65],"denominators":[66],"any":[68],"reporting":[69],"scheme.Finally,":[70],"pilot":[71],"projects":[72],"set":[75],"up":[76],"identify":[78],"cost":[81],"effective":[82],"ways":[83],"improving":[85],"safety":[87],"ofthe":[88],"clinical":[89],"process.We":[91],"thank":[92],"organisers":[94],"external":[98],"quality":[99],"assurance":[100],"scheme":[101],"in":[102,117],"haematology,":[103],"which":[104],"distributed":[105],"questionnaire":[107],"final":[110],"hospital":[114],"Britain.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}