{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010589377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597127","title":"Considerations on the calibration of small thermoluminescent dosimeters used for measurement of beta particle absorbed doses in liquid environments","display_name":"Considerations on the calibration of small thermoluminescent dosimeters used for measurement of beta particle absorbed doses in liquid environments","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010589377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597127","mag":"2010589377","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8413016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.597127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055492322","display_name":"Andrzej J. Demidecki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301076528","display_name":"City Of Hope National Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00w6g5w60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301076528"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej J. Demidecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010","Division of Radiation Oncology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte, California 91010"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301076528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Radiation Oncology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte, California 91010","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301076528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088613599","display_name":"Lawrence E. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2267-9918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2267-9918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301076528","display_name":"City Of Hope National Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00w6g5w60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301076528"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence E. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301076528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065938090","display_name":"Jeffrey Y.C. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-559X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-559X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301076528","display_name":"City Of Hope National Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00w6g5w60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301076528"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Y. C. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301076528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108480748","display_name":"Barry W. Wessels","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry W. Wessels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20037"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20037","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103081517","display_name":"Ellen D. Yorke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-3140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-3140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen D. Yorke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20037"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20037","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010866242","display_name":"Margareta Strandh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margareta Strandh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiation Physics Department, Lund University, Lasarettet, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden","Radiation Physics Department, Lund University, Lasarettet, S\u2010221 85 Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Physics Department, Lund University, Lasarettet, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Physics Department, Lund University, Lasarettet, S\u2010221 85 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009201915","display_name":"Sven\u2010Erik Strand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-0213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-0213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven\u2010Erik Strand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiation Physics Department, Lund University, Lasarettet, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden","Radiation Physics Department, Lund University, Lasarettet, S\u2010221 85 Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Physics Department, Lund University, Lasarettet, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Physics Department, Lund University, Lasarettet, S\u2010221 85 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3360,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3360},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89494859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"1079","last_page":"1087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.8374000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.8374000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.0835999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13414","display_name":"Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques","score":0.03480000048875809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoluminescent-dosimeters","display_name":"thermoluminescent dosimeters","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dosimeter-calibration","display_name":"dosimeter calibration","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-size-effects","display_name":"finite-size effects","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-linearity","display_name":"dose linearity","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-dependence","display_name":"energy dependence","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caso4-dy","display_name":"CaSO4:Dy","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gel-dosimetry","display_name":"gel dosimetry","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culture-medium","display_name":"culture media","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-tissue","display_name":"muscle tissue","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yttrium-90","display_name":"yttrium-90","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iodine-131","display_name":"iodine-131","score":0.9769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105636585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303665","display_name":"Dosimeter","level":3,"score":0.8741768002510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151337348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215313","display_name":"Absorbed dose","level":3,"score":0.6781593561172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102073756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36194","display_name":"Thermoluminescence","level":3,"score":0.6546513438224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.593416690826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5702406764030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75088862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081","display_name":"Dosimetry","level":2,"score":0.55809485912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148325268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412702","display_name":"Thermoluminescent dosimeter","level":4,"score":0.5233423113822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.501396656036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.4998924732208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163688568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103531","display_name":"Beta particle","level":2,"score":0.4559685289859772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.43906140327453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.36993882060050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34694764018058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3044155240058899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.2816924452781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.2585396468639374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18973827362060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001610","descriptor_name":"Beta Particles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001610","descriptor_name":"Beta Particles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001610","descriptor_name":"Beta Particles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001703","descriptor_name":"Biophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001703","descriptor_name":"Biophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001703","descriptor_name":"Biophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000532","qualifier_name":"radiotherapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000532","qualifier_name":"radiotherapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000532","qualifier_name":"radiotherapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013819","descriptor_name":"Thermoluminescent Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015019","descriptor_name":"Yttrium","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015019","descriptor_name":"Yttrium","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015019","descriptor_name":"Yttrium","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016499","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016499","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016499","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.597127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8413016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8413016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical physics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1705053901","display_name":"Antibody Targeted Radiation and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Solid Tumors","funder_award_id":"P01CA043904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5890852935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA 43904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G675154333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA33572","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000889907","display_name":"Cancer Center Support Grant","funder_award_id":"5p30ca033572-42","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093784933","https://openalex.org/W1969890636","https://openalex.org/W2021720185","https://openalex.org/W2742614999","https://openalex.org/W2070750680","https://openalex.org/W2102700432","https://openalex.org/W2595184891","https://openalex.org/W2065298095","https://openalex.org/W1981672498","https://openalex.org/W2060480581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"investigation":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"carried":[4],"out":[5,97],"on":[6,27],"the":[7,11,52,83,94,99,112,116,138,153,185,192,201,210,222],"factors":[8],"which":[9],"affect":[10],"absolute":[12],"calibration":[13,236],"of":[14,34,49,54,68,76,93,98,125,128,141,152,178,191,209,224,233],"thermoluminescent":[15],"dosimeters":[16],"(TLDs)":[17],"used":[18,250],"in":[19,58,89,165,184,251,256],"beta":[20,170,182,252],"particle":[21],"absorbed":[22,253],"dose":[23,42,254],"evaluations.":[24],"Four":[25],"effects":[26],"light":[28,142],"output":[29,143],"(LO)":[30],"were":[31,118],"considered:":[32],"decay":[33,53],"detector":[35],"sensitivity":[36,69],"with":[37,56,196],"time,":[38],"finite":[39,146],"TLD":[40],"volume,":[41],"linearity,":[43],"and":[44,63,148],"energy":[45,228],"dependence.":[46],"Most":[47],"important":[48,135],"these":[50,234],"was":[51,70,102,130,137,205,212],"LO":[55,211],"time":[57],"culture":[59],"medium,":[60],"muscle":[61],"tissue,":[62],"gels.":[64],"This":[65],"permanent":[66],"loss":[67],"as":[71,73,163],"large":[72],"an":[74,244],"order":[75],"magnitude":[77],"over":[78,200,221],"a":[79,176],"21-day":[80],"interval":[81],"for":[82,169,180,247],"nominally":[84],"20-microns-thick":[85],"disc-shaped":[86],"CaSO4(Dy)":[87],"TLDs":[88,117,249],"gel.":[90],"Associated":[91],"leaching":[92],"dosimeter":[95,154],"crystals":[96],"Teflon":[100],"matrix":[101],"observed":[103],"using":[104,120],"scanning":[105],"electron":[106],"microscopy.":[107],"Large":[108],"channels":[109],"leading":[110],"from":[111,172],"outside":[113],"environment":[114],"into":[115],"identified":[119],"SEM":[121],"images.":[122],"A":[123],"possibility":[124],"batch":[126],"dependence":[127,208],"fading":[129],"indicated.":[131],"The":[132],"second":[133],"most":[134],"effect":[136],"apparent":[139],"reduction":[140],"due":[144],"to":[145,214,242],"size":[147],"increased":[149],"specific":[150],"gravity":[151],"(volume":[155],"effect).":[156],"We":[157],"estimated":[158],"this":[159],"term":[160],"by":[161],"calculations":[162],"10%":[164],"standard":[166],"\"mini\"":[167],"rods":[168],"particles":[171,183],"90Y,":[173],"but":[174],"nearly":[175],"factor":[177],"3":[179],"131I":[181],"same":[186],"geometry.":[187],"No":[188],"significant":[189],"nonlinearity":[190],"log":[193,197],"(light":[194],"output)":[195],"(absorbed":[198],"dose)":[199],"range":[202,223],"0.05-20.00":[203],"Gy":[204],"discovered.":[206],"Energy":[207],"found":[213],"be":[215,243],"not":[216],"detectable,":[217],"within":[218],"measurement":[219],"errors,":[220],"0.60-6.0":[225],"MeV":[226],"mean":[227],"electrons.":[229],"With":[230],"careful":[231],"understanding":[232],"effects,":[235],"via":[237],"gel":[238],"phantom":[239],"would":[240],"appear":[241],"acceptable":[245],"strategy":[246],"mini":[248],"evaluations":[255],"media.(ABSTRACT":[257],"TRUNCATED":[258],"AT":[259],"250":[260],"WORDS)":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
