{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010576004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/24651-ms","title":"Precise GNSS Positioning in Arctic Regions","display_name":"Precise GNSS Positioning in Arctic Regions","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010576004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/24651-ms","mag":"2010576004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4043/24651-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/24651-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4043/24651-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521740","display_name":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111519583","display_name":"Kees de Jong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kees de Jong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fugro Intersite B.V"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fugro Intersite B.V","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005998627","display_name":"Matthew Goode","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Goode","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fugro Intersite B.V"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fugro Intersite B.V","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046160891","display_name":"Xianglin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-7056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-7056","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-3378"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianglin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fugro Intersite B.V"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fugro Intersite B.V","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064790394","display_name":"Mark Stone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fugro Intersite B.V"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fugro Intersite B.V","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57106354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13487","display_name":"Statistical and numerical algorithms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13511","display_name":"Geodetic Measurements and Engineering Structures","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"precise point positioning","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-ambiguity-resolution","display_name":"integer ambiguity resolution","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-kinematic-positioning","display_name":"real-time kinematic positioning","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence-time","display_name":"convergence time","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-geometry","display_name":"satellite geometry","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionospheric-effects","display_name":"ionospheric effects","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-correction-data","display_name":"GNSS correction data","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-station-network","display_name":"reference station network","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidence-monitoring","display_name":"subsidence monitoring","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps","display_name":"GPS","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glonass","display_name":"GLONASS","score":0.9829999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8871030807495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.8460988402366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102451475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486250","display_name":"GLONASS","level":4,"score":0.7927185297012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7054123878479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.6794956922531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6558431386947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5083386301994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93103318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980965","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","level":4,"score":0.5047987699508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5002036094665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.46525365114212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.45910122990608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.43009406328201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42682385444641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.4119041860103607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107768556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302660","display_name":"Orbit determination","level":3,"score":0.4115930497646332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38639935851097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2570981979370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22436565160751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08345165848731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.07733377814292908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4043/24651-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/24651-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4043/24651-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521740","display_name":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980487656","https://openalex.org/W2356439301","https://openalex.org/W2770049143","https://openalex.org/W2789714114","https://openalex.org/W4200549950","https://openalex.org/W2392133152","https://openalex.org/W4232125131","https://openalex.org/W2463819730","https://openalex.org/W2373524029","https://openalex.org/W2595654239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"For":[1],"precise":[2,54,69,219,262],"positioning":[3,265],"in":[4,75,106,150,182,214,258,266,274,296,313,324],"arctic":[5,289],"regions":[6,290],"with":[7,88,242,286],"Global":[8],"Navigation":[9],"Satellite":[10],"Systems":[11],"(GNSS),":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14,156],"GPS":[15],"and":[16,40,72,96,190,221,231,268,271,283,291,331,335],"Glonass,":[17],"there":[18],"are":[19,35,79,124,144,175,257],"a":[20,59,110,161,243,293],"number":[21],"of":[22,42,63,91,102,185,210,229,246,261,299],"issues":[23],"to":[24,67,81,113,115,126,136,155,170,197,238,252],"be":[25,137,278],"resolved":[26],"or":[27,188],"taken":[28],"into":[29],"account.":[30],"The":[31,99,204,234],"most":[32],"important":[33],"ones":[34],"satellite":[36,70],"geometry,":[37],"ionospheric":[38],"effects":[39],"distribution":[41],"correction":[43],"data.":[44],"Precise":[45],"Point":[46],"Positioning":[47],"(PPP)":[48],"is":[49,104,148,152,206,237,251,309],"currently":[50],"the":[51,207,227,259,297,314],"standard":[52,281],"for":[53,200,288],"offshore":[55,264],"positioning.":[56],"PPP":[57,103,230,282,284],"requires":[58],"sparse":[60,244],"global":[61],"network":[62,245],"GNSS":[64,121],"reference":[65,168,247],"stations":[66,169],"estimate":[68],"orbit":[71],"clock":[73],"parameters":[74,78],"real-time.":[76],"These":[77,301],"transmitted":[80],"users,":[82],"who":[83],"can":[84],"compute":[85],"their":[86],"position":[87],"an":[89,131],"accuracy":[90,241,308],"0.1":[92],"m":[93,187],"using":[94,327],"code":[95],"carrier":[97,122],"observations.":[98],"main":[100,235],"disadvantage":[101,205],"that":[105],"general":[107,215],"it":[108],"takes":[109],"long":[111,201],"time":[112],"converge":[114],"this":[116],"accuracy,":[117],"about":[118],"30\u201345":[119],"minutes.":[120],"observations":[123],"similar":[125],"pseudo":[127],"ranges,":[128],"but":[129],"have":[130],"additional":[132],"bias":[133],"which":[134,163],"needs":[135],"estimated.":[138],"Under":[139],"certain":[140],"conditions,":[141],"these":[142,173],"biases":[143],"integer.":[145,176],"This":[146],"property":[147],"used":[149],"what":[151],"generally":[153],"referred":[154],"Real-Time":[157],"Kinematic":[158],"(RTK)":[159],"positioning,":[160],"technique":[162],"uses":[164],"corrections":[165],"generated":[166],"at":[167,320],"make":[171],"sure":[172],"ambiguities":[174],"Integer":[177],"Ambiguity":[178],"Resolution":[179],"(IAR)":[180],"results":[181],"RTK":[183,213,232],"accuracies":[184],"0.01\u20130.03":[186],"better":[189],"short":[191],"convergence":[192,254,325],"times,":[193],"ranging":[194],"from":[195,280,292,333],"instantaneous":[196],"several":[198],"minutes":[199],"inter-station":[202],"distances.":[203],"limited":[208],"area":[209],"applicability,":[211],"because":[212],"does":[216],"not":[217],"use":[218],"orbits":[220],"clocks.":[222],"Current":[223],"research":[224],"focuses":[225],"on":[226],"combination":[228],"techniques.":[233],"goal":[236,250],"achieve":[239],"cm":[240],"stations.":[248],"Another":[249],"reduce":[253],"time.":[255],"Applications":[256],"field":[260],"real-time":[263],"general,":[267],"subsidence":[269],"monitoring":[270],"tidal":[272],"estimation":[273],"particular.":[275],"Results":[276],"will":[277,317],"presented":[279],"combined":[285],"IAR":[287],"test":[294],"bed":[295],"Gulf":[298],"Mexico.":[300],"results,":[302],"although":[303],"preliminary,":[304],"indicate":[305],"centimeter":[306],"level":[307],"indeed":[310],"possible,":[311],"also":[312,318],"arctic.":[315],"We":[316],"look":[319],"further":[321],"improvements,":[322],"mainly":[323],"time,":[326],"all":[328],"operational":[329],"satellites":[330],"signals":[332],"current":[334],"future":[336],"navigation":[337],"systems.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}