{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010565220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-297","title":"STIMULUS\u2010REINFORCER CONTINGENCIES AND LOCAL BEHAVIORAL CONTRAST1","display_name":"STIMULUS\u2010REINFORCER CONTINGENCIES AND LOCAL BEHAVIORAL CONTRAST1","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010565220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-297","mag":"2010565220","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16812057","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1332758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.29-297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1332758","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052719413","display_name":"Barry N. Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-9871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-9871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118020396","display_name":"Swarthmore College","ror":"https://ror.org/012dg8a96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barry Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swarthmore College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swarthmore College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052719413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2222,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95901639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"297","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9096999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9096999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-contrast","display_name":"behavioral contrast","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-schedules","display_name":"multiple schedules","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-interval-schedules","display_name":"variable-interval schedules","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-time-schedules","display_name":"variable-time schedules","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeons","display_name":"pigeons","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.858830988407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5838133692741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5645819306373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5106814503669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988419192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7155","display_name":"Animal behavior","level":2,"score":0.4848572015762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57022672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617378","display_name":"Stimulus control","level":3,"score":0.44344860315322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43522676825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.33541274070739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24516618251800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22167566418647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19944804906845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07971027493476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.29-297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1332758","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1332758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:16812057","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16812057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.swarthmore.edu:fac-psychology-1163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-psychology/164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196506","display_name":"Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118020396","host_organization_name":"Swarthmore College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychology Faculty Works","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1332758","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1332758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279210805","https://openalex.org/W647895460","https://openalex.org/W1966947520","https://openalex.org/W1970127456","https://openalex.org/W1981892189","https://openalex.org/W1982407251","https://openalex.org/W1983386970","https://openalex.org/W1984254152","https://openalex.org/W1990193495","https://openalex.org/W1995497781","https://openalex.org/W1998633514","https://openalex.org/W2033080621","https://openalex.org/W2034110061","https://openalex.org/W2039475996","https://openalex.org/W2041788999","https://openalex.org/W2049643989","https://openalex.org/W2063993552","https://openalex.org/W2071379625","https://openalex.org/W2073284830","https://openalex.org/W2077351766","https://openalex.org/W2080644454","https://openalex.org/W2086149495","https://openalex.org/W2091064460","https://openalex.org/W2113360885","https://openalex.org/W2160085786","https://openalex.org/W2161676361","https://openalex.org/W4244478977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982407251","https://openalex.org/W2024136827","https://openalex.org/W2135886554","https://openalex.org/W2050638206","https://openalex.org/W1990040486","https://openalex.org/W2160085786","https://openalex.org/W2076150110","https://openalex.org/W1981892189","https://openalex.org/W1986044272","https://openalex.org/W2048387115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Four":[0,33],"pigeons":[1,35],"were":[2,16,25],"exposed":[3],"to":[4,177,186,194],"a":[5,28,41,68],"series":[6],"of":[7,10,55,58,91,123,163,168,182,197],"multiple":[8,60],"schedules":[9],"variable-interval":[11,69],"reinforcement":[12,102,146,154],"in":[13,88,101,148,157],"which":[14],"pecks":[15,52],"required":[17],"on":[18,27,46],"one":[19],"key":[20,30,51],"(operant":[21],"key)":[22],"and":[23,95,141,185],"components":[24,57],"signalled":[26],"second":[29],"(signal":[31],"key).":[32],"additional":[34],"experienced":[36],"identical":[37],"conditions,":[38],"except":[39],"that":[40,188],"yoking":[42],"procedure":[43],"delivered":[44],"food":[45],"variable-time":[47],"schedules,":[48],"with":[49,105],"no":[50,145],"required.":[53],"One":[54],"the":[56,59,65,77,83,89,92,106,115,121,124,129,149,158,179,195],"schedule":[61],"was":[62,80,118,126,132,138,142,155],"constant":[63,78,116],"throughout":[64,82],"experiment":[66],"as":[67],"(or":[70],"variable-time)":[71],"30-second":[72],"schedule.":[73],"Operant-key":[74],"responding":[75],"during":[76,114],"component":[79,117,131,151],"uniform":[81],"component,":[84,94,125],"uninfluenced":[85],"by":[86,99],"changes":[87,100],"duration":[90],"variable":[93,107,130,150,159],"only":[96],"slightly":[97],"influenced":[98],"frequency":[103],"correlated":[104],"component.":[108,160],"By":[109],"comparison,":[110],"signal-key":[111,164],"response":[112],"rate":[113],"highest":[119],"at":[120],"onset":[122],"higher":[127,143],"when":[128,136,144,153],"60-sec":[133],"long":[134],"than":[135,152],"it":[137],"1-sec":[139],"long,":[140],"occurred":[147],"scheduled":[156],"These":[161,173],"characteristics":[162,167],"pecking":[165],"matched":[166],"local":[169,198],"positive":[170,199],"behavioral":[171,183],"contrast.":[172,200],"data":[174],"are":[175],"taken":[176],"support":[178],"\"additivity":[180],"theory\"":[181],"contrast":[184],"suggest":[187],"Pavlovian":[189],"stimulus-reinforcer":[190],"relations":[191],"contribute":[192],"primarily":[193],"phenomenon":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}