{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010560014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205669","title":"Adaptive multilayer optical neural network with optical thresholding","display_name":"Adaptive multilayer optical neural network with optical thresholding","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010560014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205669","mag":"2010560014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.205669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175543413","display_name":"Optical Engineering","issn_l":"0091-3286","issn":["0091-3286","1560-2303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82312","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109121825","display_name":"Indu Fiesler Saxena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5767-2401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5767-2401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Indu F. Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP","IDIAP (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP (USA)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Emile Fiesler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emile Fiesler","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109121825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7432,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94766774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"08","first_page":"2435","last_page":"2440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-neural-networks","display_name":"optical neural networks","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-neural-networks","display_name":"multilayer neural networks","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-thresholding","display_name":"optical thresholding","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal-light-valve","display_name":"liquid crystal light valve","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-neural-networks","display_name":"adaptive neural networks","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-curves","display_name":"response curves","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-interconnects","display_name":"optical interconnects","score":0.7229999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.8338637948036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7228283882141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6981146335601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81388566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526668","display_name":"Sigmoid function","level":3,"score":0.6250696182250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148204187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176541","display_name":"Optical computing","level":2,"score":0.5429191589355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5015389919281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151857401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640621","display_name":"Optical engineering","level":2,"score":0.47492510080337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4619607627391815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4531148672103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775921608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098847","display_name":"Optical correlator","level":3,"score":0.43428346514701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34714192152023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34142252802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14039850234985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12409773468971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.205669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175543413","display_name":"Optical Engineering","issn_l":"0091-3286","issn":["0091-3286","1560-2303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.57.2058","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.57.2058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.idiap.ch/pub/papers/neural/saxena.optical-nn.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:82312","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:82312","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:82312","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W247682873","https://openalex.org/W252328355","https://openalex.org/W2057687205","https://openalex.org/W7100098118","https://openalex.org/W2083081150","https://openalex.org/W2061205937","https://openalex.org/W2004234485","https://openalex.org/W2507516349","https://openalex.org/W2227349910","https://openalex.org/W2477535473"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"adaptive":[1],"multilayer":[2],"optical":[3,11,29,71],"neural":[4,80],"network":[5,81],"with":[6,52],"all-optical":[7],"forward":[8],"propagation":[9],"including":[10],"thresholding":[12,72],"by":[13,34],"a":[14,24,42],"liquid":[15,35],"crystal":[16,36],"light":[17,55],"valve":[18],"(LCLV)":[19],"is":[20,74],"described.":[21],"It":[22],"has":[23,41],"large":[25],"number":[26],"of":[27,48,62,79],"modifiable":[28],"interconnections":[30],"that":[31],"are":[32,65],"implemented":[33],"television":[37],"screens,":[38],"and":[39,67],"it":[40],"modular":[43],"structure":[44],"enabling":[45],"the":[46,77],"cascading":[47],"layers,":[49],"each":[50],"layer":[51],"its":[53],"own":[54],"source.":[56],"Sigmoid":[57],"fits":[58],"to":[59],"response":[60],"curves":[61],"four":[63],"LCLVs":[64],"evaluated":[66],"their":[68],"suitability":[69],"as":[70],"functions":[73],"examined":[75],"on":[76],"basis":[78],"simulations.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}