{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010544724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1252-1","title":"Characterization of the nonlinear refractive index of the laser crystal Yb:KGd(WO4)2","display_name":"Characterization of the nonlinear refractive index of the laser crystal Yb:KGd(WO4)2","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010544724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1252-1","mag":"2010544724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00340-003-1252-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1252-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1252-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182865820","display_name":"Applied Physics B","issn_l":"0721-7269","issn":["0721-7269","0946-2171","1432-0649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111589014","display_name":"A. Major","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Major","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King\u2019s College Road, M5S 3G4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King\u2019s College Road, M5S 3G4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000533721","display_name":"Iraklis P. Nikolakakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-9209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-9209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Nikolakakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King\u2019s College Road, M5S 3G4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King\u2019s College Road, M5S 3G4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048670457","display_name":"James Stewart Aitchison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-2443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-2443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.S. Aitchison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King\u2019s College Road, M5S 3G4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King\u2019s College Road, M5S 3G4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020316304","display_name":"A. I. Ferguson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5927-0692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5927-0692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.I. Ferguson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow, G4 0NG, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow, G4 0NG, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106792350","display_name":"Nigel J Langford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3266-6038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3266-6038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Langford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow, G4 0NG, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow, G4 0NG, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113653176","display_name":"P. W. E. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.W.E. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King\u2019s College Road, M5S 3G4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King\u2019s College Road, M5S 3G4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111589014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9617269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"4","first_page":"433","last_page":"436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11788","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-refractive-index","display_name":"nonlinear refractive index","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yb-kgw","display_name":"Yb:KGW","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerr-lens-mode-locking","display_name":"Kerr-lens mode locking","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/z-scan","display_name":"Z-scan","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-crystals","display_name":"laser crystals","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ytterbium-doped-crystals","display_name":"ytterbium-doped crystals","score":0.8759999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7832584381103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7189662456512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.7056901454925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6756342053413391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6734374761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5365045070648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68717125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735602","display_name":"Quantum optics","level":2,"score":0.5179335474967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.4982168674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78854221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","level":3,"score":0.46724843978881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.42613011598587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11224275827407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.07137471437454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00340-003-1252-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1252-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1252-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182865820","display_name":"Applied Physics B","issn_l":"0721-7269","issn":["0721-7269","0946-2171","1432-0649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics B","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:2884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/2884/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335063","display_name":"Luonnontieteiden ja Tekniikan Tutkimuksen Toimikunta","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21192727","https://openalex.org/W1732330605","https://openalex.org/W1851673083","https://openalex.org/W1964147808","https://openalex.org/W1965477392","https://openalex.org/W1981270844","https://openalex.org/W1985126330","https://openalex.org/W1986654704","https://openalex.org/W2000114870","https://openalex.org/W2004172212","https://openalex.org/W2028907520","https://openalex.org/W2035345987","https://openalex.org/W2042698187","https://openalex.org/W2052358360","https://openalex.org/W2054752908","https://openalex.org/W2060823248","https://openalex.org/W2063591248","https://openalex.org/W2086737735","https://openalex.org/W2097578667","https://openalex.org/W2098328288","https://openalex.org/W2105749763","https://openalex.org/W2112972912","https://openalex.org/W2121700302","https://openalex.org/W2122139986","https://openalex.org/W2132131156","https://openalex.org/W2136580096","https://openalex.org/W2139353945","https://openalex.org/W4231098163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531418343","https://openalex.org/W21192727","https://openalex.org/W4320805672","https://openalex.org/W2044289672","https://openalex.org/W2063838521","https://openalex.org/W1856163572","https://openalex.org/W2129557459","https://openalex.org/W2060259800","https://openalex.org/W3179049282","https://openalex.org/W1581516708"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
