{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010543202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08958379509029098","title":"Inhalation Toxicology and Histopathology of Ricin and Abrin Toxins","display_name":"Inhalation Toxicology and Histopathology of Ricin and Abrin Toxins","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010543202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08958379509029098","mag":"2010543202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3109/08958379509029098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08958379509029098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08958379509029098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5694335","display_name":"Inhalation Toxicology","issn_l":"0895-8378","issn":["0895-8378","1091-7691"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inhalation Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103392770","display_name":"Gareth Griffiths","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gareth D. Griffiths","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025656609","display_name":"Paul Rice","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Rice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055741574","display_name":"Anthony C. Allenby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony C. Allenby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039568743","display_name":"Stephen C. Bailey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen C. Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108242240","display_name":"David G. Upshall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David G. Upshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology Division, Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60928084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"269","last_page":"288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricin","display_name":"ricin","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abrin","display_name":"abrin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricinus-communis","display_name":"Ricinus communis","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-exposure","display_name":"aerosol exposure","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhalation-toxicity","display_name":"inhalation toxicity","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-edema","display_name":"pulmonary edema","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alveolitis","display_name":"alveolitis","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-necrosis","display_name":"epithelial necrosis","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-ii-pneumocyte-hyperplasia","display_name":"type II pneumocyte hyperplasia","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-histopathology","display_name":"lung histopathology","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxin-potency","display_name":"toxin potency","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408668","display_name":"Ricin","level":3,"score":0.9581677913665771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.6086072325706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.5998606085777283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840343","display_name":"Inhalation","level":2,"score":0.566726803779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5622666478157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.48019397258758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.42602261900901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167552308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q711849","display_name":"Median lethal dose","level":3,"score":0.41330185532569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777127260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155867","display_name":"Ricinus","level":2,"score":0.4124051332473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116263406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299024","display_name":"Acute toxicity","level":3,"score":0.41146209836006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.21760451793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20974409580230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1873951256275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.1267753541469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3109/08958379509029098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08958379509029098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08958379509029098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5694335","display_name":"Inhalation Toxicology","issn_l":"0895-8378","issn":["0895-8378","1091-7691"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inhalation Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W349827190","https://openalex.org/W613980813","https://openalex.org/W1482431053","https://openalex.org/W1569531441","https://openalex.org/W1723447072","https://openalex.org/W1947863176","https://openalex.org/W1965244088","https://openalex.org/W1967150095","https://openalex.org/W1974528498","https://openalex.org/W1991874195","https://openalex.org/W1992234269","https://openalex.org/W2018906259","https://openalex.org/W2032759530","https://openalex.org/W2038005227","https://openalex.org/W2040127010","https://openalex.org/W2042051922","https://openalex.org/W2053794928","https://openalex.org/W2055355092","https://openalex.org/W2069415049","https://openalex.org/W2072944053","https://openalex.org/W2088668829","https://openalex.org/W2093488931","https://openalex.org/W2116064835","https://openalex.org/W2196512337","https://openalex.org/W2408729287","https://openalex.org/W2409155655","https://openalex.org/W2410795296","https://openalex.org/W2480201224","https://openalex.org/W2798078005","https://openalex.org/W4211187922","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W59536947","https://openalex.org/W2051511242","https://openalex.org/W4296807547","https://openalex.org/W7097805708","https://openalex.org/W4378195164","https://openalex.org/W4365515468","https://openalex.org/W2519505900","https://openalex.org/W2043672331","https://openalex.org/W2513109273","https://openalex.org/W1971407740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,66,155,186,240],"inhalation":[1,42,312],"toxicology":[2],"of":[3,21,26,28,44,48,90,97,126,163,171,192,218,234,243,259,268,276,326],"ricin":[4,49,77,91,122,132,198,292,327],"(supplied":[5],"by":[6,123,136,204,212,255,263,280,298,311],"Sigma)":[7],"from":[8,35,50,95,112],"the":[9,75,88,98,144,184,219,232,237,244,277,323],"seed":[10,53,114,153],"variety":[11,101,115],"\u201cHale":[12],"Queen\u201d":[13],"and":[14,78,81,176,189,199,201,207,216,227,272,291,322],"abrin":[15,79,200,290,301,321],"was":[16,61,102,116,157,177,253,314],"examined":[17],"following":[18],"head-only":[19],"exposure":[20],"rats":[22],"to":[23,104,167,179,183,251],"a":[24,38,51,124,160,256],"range":[25],"concentrations":[27],"each":[29,172],"toxin":[30,92,174],"generated":[31],"as":[32],"an":[33,45],"aerosol":[34],"solution":[36],"using":[37],"constant-output":[39],"nebulizer.":[40],"toxicity":[43,151],"in-house":[46,94,173],"preparation":[47,175,325],"different":[52],"type,":[54],"Ricinus":[55],"communis":[56],"var.":[57],"zanzibariensis":[58,100],"(R.":[59],"zanzibariensis),":[60],"also":[62],"assessed":[63,103],"for":[64,74,197,231],"comparison.":[65],"approximate":[67,168],"LCt50":[68,89],"values":[69],"determined":[70],"were":[71,134,195,202,294],"very":[72],"similar":[73,196],"Sigma":[76,121],"(4.54\u20135.96":[80],"4.54":[82],"mg":[83,107],"min":[84,108],"m-3,":[85],"respectively).":[86],"However,":[87],"prepared":[93,111],"seeds":[96],"R.":[99],"be":[105,180],"12.7":[106],"m-3.":[109],"Ricin":[110],"this":[113],"therefore":[117],"less":[118],"toxic":[119,306],"than":[120,307],"factor":[125],"almost":[127],"threefold.":[128],"Given":[129],"that":[130],"both":[131],"preparations":[133],"pure":[135],"silver-stained,":[137],"sodium":[138],"dodecyl":[139],"sulfate":[140],"polyacrylamide":[141],"electrophoresis":[142],"gels,":[143],"data":[145],"must":[146],"reflect":[147],"differences":[148],"in":[149,159,236,247,287,318],"specific":[150],"between":[152,289,320],"varieties.":[154],"histopathology":[156,288],"studied":[158],"separate":[161],"group":[162],"experimental":[164],"animals":[165,249],"exposed":[166],"LCt30":[169],"levels":[170],"found":[178],"entirely":[181],"restricted":[182],"lung.":[185],"overall":[187],"pattern":[188],"time":[190],"course":[191],"damage":[193,246],"observed":[194],"characterized":[203],"rapidly":[205],"progressive":[206],"overwhelming":[208],"pulmonary":[209,245],"edema":[210,226,260],"accompanied":[211,262],"acute":[213],"destructive":[214],"alveolitis":[215],"necrosis/apoptosis":[217],"lower":[220],"respiratory":[221],"tract":[222],"epithelium;":[223],"severe":[224],"intraalveolar":[225],"resulting":[228],"hypoxia":[229],"accounted":[230],"majority":[233],"deaths":[235],"decedent":[238],"population.":[239],"resolution":[241],"phase":[242],"those":[248],"destined":[250],"survive":[252],"heralded":[254],"gradual":[257],"disappearance":[258],"fluid":[261],"generalized,":[264],"focally":[265],"florid,":[266],"hyperplasia":[267],"type":[269],"II":[270],"pneumocytes":[271],"striking":[273],"transitory":[274],"consolidation":[275],"lung":[278],"parenchyma":[279],"chronic":[281],"inflammatory":[282],"cells.":[283],"Despite":[284],"many":[285],"similarities":[286],"there":[293,313],"some":[295],"differences.":[296],"Although":[297],"systemic":[299],"administration":[300],"is":[302],"several":[303],"times":[304],"more":[305],"ricin,":[308],"when":[309],"delivered":[310],"no":[315],"significant":[316],"difference":[317],"potency":[319],"commercial":[324],"(Sigma).":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}