{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010535977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1994.tb00695.x","title":"Convergence in Europe \u2010 a matter of perspective?","display_name":"Convergence in Europe \u2010 a matter of perspective?","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010535977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1994.tb00695.x","mag":"2010535977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-2338.1994.tb00695.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1994.tb00695.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1994.tb00695.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140218963","display_name":"Industrial Relations Journal","issn_l":"0019-8692","issn":["0019-8692","1468-2338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Relations Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012030115","display_name":"Christopher Baldry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Baldry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christopher Baldry is Senior Lecturer in Industrial Relations at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christopher Baldry is Senior Lecturer in Industrial Relations at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012030115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.836,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98325466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"96","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.0778999999165535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.03150000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"convergence","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-relations","display_name":"employment relations","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-paradigm","display_name":"production paradigm","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-forms-of-work","display_name":"new forms of work","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-integration","display_name":"European integration","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-relations","display_name":"labor relations","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.8721432685852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.776947021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7126120328903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6597704291343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4905954897403717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.4637696146965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.42019617557525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.3318139910697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.19496241211891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.13191303610801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12119743227958679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08169785141944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-2338.1994.tb00695.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1994.tb00695.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1994.tb00695.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140218963","display_name":"Industrial Relations Journal","issn_l":"0019-8692","issn":["0019-8692","1468-2338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Relations Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71016807","https://openalex.org/W1520843661","https://openalex.org/W1979515268","https://openalex.org/W1982430587","https://openalex.org/W1993875681","https://openalex.org/W2002050008","https://openalex.org/W2009438990","https://openalex.org/W2021322853","https://openalex.org/W2026743361","https://openalex.org/W2027543473","https://openalex.org/W2028958663","https://openalex.org/W2036892157","https://openalex.org/W2046528865","https://openalex.org/W2049171233","https://openalex.org/W2050310999","https://openalex.org/W2066483089","https://openalex.org/W2081138054","https://openalex.org/W2082782261","https://openalex.org/W2096968364","https://openalex.org/W2127544212","https://openalex.org/W2168865943","https://openalex.org/W2313348697","https://openalex.org/W2319487659","https://openalex.org/W4247680648","https://openalex.org/W4251184559","https://openalex.org/W4311348016","https://openalex.org/W6602877175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6988230927","https://openalex.org/W1587399759","https://openalex.org/W7055598207","https://openalex.org/W1601172521","https://openalex.org/W2063729479","https://openalex.org/W80893714","https://openalex.org/W1964971551","https://openalex.org/W610921838","https://openalex.org/W2024286283","https://openalex.org/W2953002796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,13,20,43,57],"debate":[2],"over":[3],"convergence":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"fuelled":[7],"by":[8],"two":[9],"observed":[10],"trends":[11],"\u2010":[12,29],"harmonisation":[14],"of":[15,22,25,45],"labour":[16],"market":[17],"conditions":[18],"and":[19,27,48,54],"adoption":[21],"new":[23],"models":[24],"employment":[26,46],"production":[28,52],"these":[30],"developments":[31],"seem":[32],"to":[33],"be":[34],"going":[35],"in":[36,51,65],"different":[37],"directions.":[38],"The":[39],"article":[40],"distinguishes":[41],"between":[42,59],"context":[44],"relations":[47],"generic":[49],"changes":[50],"paradigms":[53],"examines":[55],"how":[56],"interactions":[58],"them":[60],"are":[61],"being":[62],"played":[63],"out":[64],"Europe.":[66]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}