{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010492230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","title":"Less Bad than its Reputation: Social Spending as a Proxy for Welfare Effort in Cross-national Studies","display_name":"Less Bad than its Reputation: Social Spending as a Proxy for Welfare Effort in Cross-national Studies","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010492230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","mag":"2010492230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77082647","display_name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice","issn_l":"1387-6988","issn":["1387-6988","1572-5448"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065496081","display_name":"Carsten Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-031X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-031X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Denmark","Department of Political Science, Aarhus University,#R#Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, Aarhus University,#R#Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065496081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99281635,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"327","last_page":"340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13888","display_name":"Social Policies and Family","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-spending","display_name":"social spending","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state-typology","display_name":"welfare state typology","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esping-andersen","display_name":"Esping-Andersen","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-measurement","display_name":"cross-national measurement","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/old-age-pensions","display_name":"old-age pensions","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sickness-insurance","display_name":"sickness insurance","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment-protection","display_name":"unemployment protection","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"health care","score":0.8769999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94982200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380545","display_name":"Entitlement (fair division)","level":2,"score":0.877143383026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.6773275136947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.6538952589035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5988710522651672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5656642913818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.4861695170402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536738050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3249071","display_name":"Social Welfare","level":2,"score":0.47347986698150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.47272366285324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129603779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451","display_name":"Welfare state","level":3,"score":0.470753014087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779282124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7653906","display_name":"Social insurance","level":2,"score":0.44549232721328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.33439329266548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.22995242476463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.19085460901260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09826809167861938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.09570956230163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77082647","display_name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice","issn_l":"1387-6988","issn":["1387-6988","1572-5448"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/2bde7380-eebe-11df-a891-000ea68e967b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/2bde7380-eebe-11df-a891-000ea68e967b","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jensen, C 2011, 'Less bad than its reputation: Social spending as a proxy for welfare effort in cross-national studies', Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 327-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2011.565917","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25725179","https://openalex.org/W172819547","https://openalex.org/W424874259","https://openalex.org/W1499738804","https://openalex.org/W1529223067","https://openalex.org/W1537849108","https://openalex.org/W1569318827","https://openalex.org/W1607881284","https://openalex.org/W1965954101","https://openalex.org/W1968858292","https://openalex.org/W1996506650","https://openalex.org/W2002879272","https://openalex.org/W2003924113","https://openalex.org/W2004898086","https://openalex.org/W2015001496","https://openalex.org/W2021287604","https://openalex.org/W2024924220","https://openalex.org/W2042773649","https://openalex.org/W2048975557","https://openalex.org/W2059180202","https://openalex.org/W2072298910","https://openalex.org/W2097579801","https://openalex.org/W2097747135","https://openalex.org/W2105333784","https://openalex.org/W2118130844","https://openalex.org/W2120819167","https://openalex.org/W2134698480","https://openalex.org/W2136102584","https://openalex.org/W2138968154","https://openalex.org/W2140930388","https://openalex.org/W2141648011","https://openalex.org/W2143879981","https://openalex.org/W2148405858","https://openalex.org/W2149530004","https://openalex.org/W2152012158","https://openalex.org/W2157207849","https://openalex.org/W2168864626","https://openalex.org/W2276717805","https://openalex.org/W2314865369","https://openalex.org/W2460985070","https://openalex.org/W2487247300","https://openalex.org/W2491188694","https://openalex.org/W2625394884","https://openalex.org/W2795624015","https://openalex.org/W2800361019","https://openalex.org/W2803189186","https://openalex.org/W2974347936","https://openalex.org/W3115538520","https://openalex.org/W4231459752","https://openalex.org/W4237843853","https://openalex.org/W4242163572","https://openalex.org/W4289126736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2231875604","https://openalex.org/W2083701129","https://openalex.org/W7095601690","https://openalex.org/W2045777147","https://openalex.org/W1576884023","https://openalex.org/W2168864626","https://openalex.org/W1590837734","https://openalex.org/W2079036240","https://openalex.org/W2612607815","https://openalex.org/W205452624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"welfare":[1,18,59,72,123,129],"state":[2],"literature":[3],"is":[4,29,51,63,126,165],"characterized":[5],"by":[6],"a":[7,40,52],"healthy":[8],"methodological":[9,46,104],"debate":[10],"on":[11],"how":[12],"best":[13],"to":[14,31,67,96,121,157],"measure":[15],"differences":[16,57,151],"in":[17,44,58,141,152,166],"effort":[19],"among":[20],"advanced":[21],"industrialized":[22],"nations.":[23],"Since":[24],"Esping-Andersen":[25],"noted":[26],"that":[27,33,48,101],"it":[28],"\u201cdifficult":[30],"imagine":[32],"anyone":[34],"struggled":[35],"for":[36],"spending":[37,49,62,164],"per":[38],"se\u201d,":[39],"consensus":[41],"has":[42,117],"emerged":[43],"the":[45,75,78,102,153,168],"community":[47],"data":[50],"poor":[53],"proxy":[54],"of":[55,71,77,155,161],"cross-national":[56,139,150],"effort.":[60],"Social":[61],"arguably":[64],"only":[65],"able":[66],"capture":[68],"one":[69],"element":[70],"effort,":[73],"namely":[74],"size":[76],"budget,":[79],"whereas":[80],"entitlement":[81,143],"criteria":[82,144],"and":[83,114,134],"benefit":[84,146],"type":[85],"are":[86],"not":[87],"adequately":[88],"captured.":[89],"This":[90,125],"paper":[91],"brings":[92],"some":[93],"needed":[94],"nuance":[95],"this":[97],"consensus.":[98],"It":[99],"argues":[100],"existing":[103],"literature,":[105],"which":[106],"almost":[107],"exclusively":[108],"studies":[109],"old-age":[110],"pensions,":[111],"sickness":[112],"insurance":[113],"unemployment":[115],"protection,":[116],"inferred":[118],"its":[119],"conclusions":[120],"all":[122],"programs.":[124],"misguided":[127],"because":[128],"programs":[130],"like":[131],"health":[132],"care":[133],"education":[135],"exhibit":[136],"much":[137],"less":[138],"variation":[140],"either":[142],"or":[145],"type.":[147],"When":[148],"studying":[149],"willingness":[154],"decision-makers":[156],"promote":[158],"these":[159],"kinds":[160],"programs,":[162],"social":[163],"fact":[167],"most":[169],"adequate":[170],"measure.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}