{"id":"https://openalex.org/W20104774","doi":null,"title":"Effect of air pollution control on mortality and hospital admissions in Ireland.","display_name":"Effect of air pollution control on mortality and hospital admissions in Ireland.","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W20104774","mag":"20104774","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24024358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:24024358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24024358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research report (Health Effects Institute)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051635685","display_name":"Douglas W. Dockery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-4880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-4880"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas W Dockery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055384338","display_name":"David Q. Rich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7132-0069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7132-0069"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Q Rich","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035472237","display_name":"Patrick Goodman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-131X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-131X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick G Goodman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051764569","display_name":"Luke Clancy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2407-2263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2407-2263"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Clancy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040922723","display_name":"Pamela Ohman\u2010Strickland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-7125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-7125"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela Ohman-Strickland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017118615","display_name":"Prethibha George","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prethibha George","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042869017","display_name":"Tania V. Kotlov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tania Kotlov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9291442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"176","first_page":"3","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11244","display_name":"Climate Change and Health Impacts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution-control","display_name":"air pollution control","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-smoke","display_name":"black smoke","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-dioxide","display_name":"sulfur dioxide","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-diseases","display_name":"respiratory diseases","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-diseases","display_name":"gastrointestinal diseases","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-policy","display_name":"public health policy","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dublin","display_name":"Dublin","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cork","display_name":"cork","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ireland","display_name":"Ireland","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality-regulation","display_name":"air pollution regulation","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-epidemic","display_name":"influenza epidemic","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-mortality-relationship","display_name":"temperature-mortality relationship","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-effects-of-air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution health effects","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780443626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195043","display_name":"Borough","level":2,"score":0.775749683380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.5206546187400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4752870798110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.4166914224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3530612885951996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3231357932090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.15558159351348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003031","descriptor_name":"Coal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005767","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007494","descriptor_name":"Ireland","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010343","descriptor_name":"Patient Admission","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012906","descriptor_name":"Smoke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013458","descriptor_name":"Sulfur Dioxide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:24024358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24024358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research report (Health Effects Institute)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:20104774","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24024358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491545958","https://openalex.org/W1509534034","https://openalex.org/W1528086781","https://openalex.org/W1598756928","https://openalex.org/W1716576606","https://openalex.org/W1897742137","https://openalex.org/W1936324384","https://openalex.org/W1939256882","https://openalex.org/W2010953549","https://openalex.org/W2019001772","https://openalex.org/W2029248046","https://openalex.org/W2077073268","https://openalex.org/W2093161332","https://openalex.org/W2102042448","https://openalex.org/W2122728812","https://openalex.org/W2130910120","https://openalex.org/W2148099625","https://openalex.org/W2149532249","https://openalex.org/W2183176028","https://openalex.org/W2188803338","https://openalex.org/W2242666378","https://openalex.org/W2312753739","https://openalex.org/W2412565701","https://openalex.org/W2417766474","https://openalex.org/W2917564960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077587753","https://openalex.org/W1528086781","https://openalex.org/W2010953549","https://openalex.org/W2019001772","https://openalex.org/W4233346807","https://openalex.org/W2160499851","https://openalex.org/W46856396","https://openalex.org/W2648769406","https://openalex.org/W2889693221","https://openalex.org/W1912976769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,3,24,31,79,88,95,98,202,216,233,250,261,277,282,301,331,365,370,384,406,420,440,448,460,512,519,585],"1980s":[2],"Republic":[4],"of":[5,19,36,97,118,127,158,232,249,345,476,482,550],"Ireland":[6],"experienced":[7],"repeated":[8],"severe":[9],"pollution":[10,109],"episodes.":[11],"Domestic":[12],"coal":[13,37,81,219,495],"burning":[14],"was":[15,42,376,415],"a":[16,28,246,429,444],"major":[17],"source":[18],"this":[20,574],"pollution.":[21],"In":[22,87,367],"1990":[23,80,385],"Irish":[25],"government":[26],"introduced":[27],"ban":[29,41,82,442],"on":[30],"marketing,":[32],"sale,":[33],"and":[34,48,55,66,93,102,110,125,144,149,164,174,179,187,190,225,245,303,313,402,409,424,443,470,480,484,500,517,545],"distribution":[35],"in":[38,46,53,61,76,105,111,204,210,254,270,284,295,323,356,378,417,432,490,498,503,506,515,528,535,540,560,569,573,584],"Dublin.":[39],"The":[40,493,522,538],"extended":[43],"to":[44,49,132,172,182,339,343,347],"Cork":[45,141,168],"1995":[47,302,388,441],"10":[50],"other":[51],"communities":[52],"1998":[54,103,304,392,410,449],"2000.":[56],"We":[57,115,153,184,221,263,279,427],"previously":[58],"reported":[59],"decreases":[60,335,502,514],"particulate":[62,504],"black":[63],"smoke":[64],"(BS*)":[65],"sulfur":[67],"dioxide":[68],"(SO2)":[69],"concentrations,":[70],"measured":[71,358],"as":[72,359,572],"total":[73,121,360,379],"gaseous":[74,122,361],"acidity,":[75],"Dublin":[77,135],"after":[78,215,300,459],"(Clancy":[83],"et":[84],"al.":[85],"2002).":[86],"current":[89],"study":[90],"we":[91,200,351],"explored":[92],"compared":[94,185,264,329],"effectiveness":[96],"sequential":[99],"1990,":[100,407],"1995,":[101,408],"bans":[104,421,496,523],"reducing":[106],"community":[107],"air":[108,570],"improving":[112],"public":[113,561],"health.":[114],"compiled":[116,155],"records":[117],"daily":[119,156],"BS,":[120],"acidity":[123,362],"(SO2),":[124],"counts":[126,157],"cause-specific":[128],"deaths":[129],"from":[130,337],"1981":[131],"2004":[133],"for":[134,161,167,193,239,293,307,316,397,405,435,452,463,543],"County":[136,169],"Borough":[137,170],"(1990":[138],"ban),":[139,143],"county":[140,214,299],"(1995":[142],"counties":[145,175,256,272],"Limerick,":[146,176],"Louth,":[147,177],"Wexford,":[148,178],"Wicklow":[150,180],"(1998":[151],"ban).":[152],"also":[154,273,280],"hospital":[159,289,433,477,541],"admissions":[160,290,315,434,462,478,542],"cardiovascular,":[162],"respiratory,":[163],"digestive":[165,317],"diagnoses":[166],"(1991":[171],"2004)":[173],"(1993":[181],"2004).":[183],"pre-ban":[186,236,332,371],"post-ban":[188,328],"BS":[189,320],"SO2":[191,357],"concentrations":[192,321,505],"each":[194,211,296,507],"city.":[195],"Using":[196],"interrupted":[197],"time-series":[198],"methods,":[199],"estimated":[201,281],"change":[203,283],"cause-specific,":[205,285],"directly":[206,286],"standardized":[207,251],"mortality":[208,227,252,399,414,530],"rates":[209,228,253,291,381],"city":[212,297,508],"or":[213,298,391,509],"corresponding":[217],"local":[218,314],"ban.":[220,450],"regressed":[222],"weekly":[223,242,288,310],"age-":[224],"sex-standardized":[226],"against":[229],"an":[230],"indicator":[231],"post-":[234],"versus":[235],"period,":[237,333],"adjusting":[238,306],"influenza":[240,308],"epidemics,":[241,309],"mean":[243,311],"temperature,":[244,312],"season":[247],"smooth":[248],"Coastal":[255],"presumably":[257,274],"not":[258,456],"affected":[259,325],"by":[260,276],"bans.":[262,278,366],"these":[265,491,551],"results":[266],"with":[267,330,334,364,369,383,419,439,447,511,526,566],"similar":[268],"analyses":[269],"Midlands":[271],"unaffected":[275],"standardized,":[287],"normalized":[292],"underreporting":[294,475],"bans,":[305,395,411],"diagnoses.":[318],"Mean":[319],"fell":[322],"all":[324],"population":[326],"centers":[327],"ranging":[336],"4":[338],"35":[340],"microg/m3":[341],"(corresponding":[342],"reductions":[344,404,527],"45%":[346],"70%,":[348],"respectively),":[349],"but":[350,531,553],"observed":[352],"no":[353,373,532],"clear":[354,567],"pattern":[355],"associated":[363,382,438,525,564],"comparisons":[368],"periods,":[372],"significant":[374],"reduction":[375],"found":[377,428],"death":[380],"(1%":[386],"reduction),":[387,390],"(4%":[389],"(0%":[393],"reduction)":[394],"nor":[396],"cardiovascular":[398,436,536,546],"(0%,":[400],"4%,":[401],"1%":[403],"respectively).":[412,426],"Respiratory":[413],"reduced":[416],"association":[418],"(17%,":[422],"9%,":[423],"3%,":[425],"4%":[430],"decrease":[431,446],"disease":[437,454,468,547],"3%":[445],"Admissions":[451],"respiratory":[453,529,544],"were":[455,472,524,548],"consistently":[457],"lower":[458],"bans;":[461],"pneumonia,":[464],"chronic":[465],"obstructive":[466],"pulmonary":[467],"(COPD),":[469],"asthma":[471],"reduced.":[473],"However,":[474],"data":[479],"lack":[481],"control":[483],"comparison":[485],"series":[486],"tempered":[487],"our":[488],"confidence":[489],"results.":[492],"successive":[494],"resulted":[497],"immediate":[499],"sustained":[501],"town;":[510],"largest":[513],"winter":[516],"during":[518],"heating":[520],"season.":[521],"detectable":[533],"improvement":[534],"mortality.":[537],"changes":[539,559],"supportive":[549],"findings":[552],"cannot":[554],"be":[555],"considered":[556],"confirming.":[557],"Detecting":[558],"health":[562,587],"indicators":[563],"even":[565],"improvements":[568,583],"quality,":[571],"case,":[575],"remains":[576],"difficult":[577],"when":[578],"there":[579],"are":[580],"simultaneous":[581],"secular":[582],"same":[586],"indicators.":[588]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}