{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010438909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p260627","title":"Perception of Visible Speech: Influence of Spatial Quantization","display_name":"Perception of Visible Speech: Influence of Spatial Quantization","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010438909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p260627","mag":"2010438909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9488886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1068/p260627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p260627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p260627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58778951","display_name":"Perception","issn_l":"0301-0066","issn":["0301-0066","1468-4233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christopher S Campbell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher S Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA","Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016781642","display_name":"Dominic W. Massaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-5241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-5241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic W Massaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA","Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95822685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"627","last_page":"644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.8788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.8788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.05990000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-speech","display_name":"visible speech","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lip-reading","display_name":"lip reading","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-quantization","display_name":"spatial quantization","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"pattern recognition","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-features","display_name":"functional features","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consonant-vowel-syllables","display_name":"consonant-vowel syllables","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"confusion matrix","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptual-models","display_name":"perceptual models","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6680885553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.6584129929542542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6455815434455872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778203577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38035","display_name":"Consonant","level":3,"score":0.6362113952636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.5613732933998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43304139375686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.422288715839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39386099576950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3790110945701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3628748655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3464117646217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3319692015647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.12336364388465881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1068/p260627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p260627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p260627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58778951","display_name":"Perception","issn_l":"0301-0066","issn":["0301-0066","1468-4233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9488886","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9488886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perception","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1291023144","display_name":"PERCEPTION OF VISIBLE AND BIMODAL SPEECH","funder_award_id":"R01DC000236","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496403746","https://openalex.org/W1519129131","https://openalex.org/W1549272285","https://openalex.org/W1565402538","https://openalex.org/W1965569492","https://openalex.org/W1969938578","https://openalex.org/W1970533835","https://openalex.org/W1971443254","https://openalex.org/W1975270274","https://openalex.org/W1980199760","https://openalex.org/W1983006628","https://openalex.org/W1986964700","https://openalex.org/W1987810253","https://openalex.org/W1997248947","https://openalex.org/W2004046692","https://openalex.org/W2006266957","https://openalex.org/W2009754541","https://openalex.org/W2009867923","https://openalex.org/W2009984591","https://openalex.org/W2012077291","https://openalex.org/W2013149918","https://openalex.org/W2013455453","https://openalex.org/W2013699441","https://openalex.org/W2014621385","https://openalex.org/W2015394094","https://openalex.org/W2020698678","https://openalex.org/W2023377171","https://openalex.org/W2023485237","https://openalex.org/W2035167094","https://openalex.org/W2035300447","https://openalex.org/W2042213031","https://openalex.org/W2054008715","https://openalex.org/W2059660738","https://openalex.org/W2066380143","https://openalex.org/W2067031273","https://openalex.org/W2074950763","https://openalex.org/W2075367469","https://openalex.org/W2075998545","https://openalex.org/W2091930743","https://openalex.org/W2092089690","https://openalex.org/W2093259008","https://openalex.org/W2100402486","https://openalex.org/W2117268255","https://openalex.org/W2132871403","https://openalex.org/W2147158337","https://openalex.org/W2167553001","https://openalex.org/W2170319747","https://openalex.org/W2171831068","https://openalex.org/W2223285751","https://openalex.org/W2474893057","https://openalex.org/W3166545377","https://openalex.org/W4256597448","https://openalex.org/W4292552611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021974789","https://openalex.org/W2018969009","https://openalex.org/W2338251556","https://openalex.org/W2012538507","https://openalex.org/W2144805019","https://openalex.org/W2018116789","https://openalex.org/W2010929291","https://openalex.org/W7006333048","https://openalex.org/W81029614","https://openalex.org/W1275705376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visible":[0],"speech":[1,106],"reading":[2,107],"was":[3],"studied":[4],"to":[5,12,110],"determine":[6],"which":[7],"features":[8,62,75],"are":[9],"functional":[10,66],"and":[11,88,120],"test":[13,20],"several":[14],"models":[15,54],"of":[16,36,51,80,86,100,113],"pattern":[17,114],"recognition.":[18],"Nine":[19],"syllables":[21],"differing":[22],"in":[23,29,41,67,82],"their":[24],"initial":[25],"consonant":[26],"were":[27,55,63,76],"presented":[28],"intact":[30],"form":[31],"or":[32],"under":[33],"various":[34],"levels":[35,50],"spatial":[37],"quantization.":[38],"Performance":[39],"decreased":[40],"increasing":[42],"quantization":[43],"but":[44],"remained":[45],"relatively":[46],"good":[47],"at":[48],"moderate":[49],"degradation.":[52],"Different":[53],"tested":[56],"against":[57],"the":[58,70,101],"confusion":[59,102],"matrices.":[60],"Six":[61],"identified":[64],"as":[65,78,117],"distinguishing":[68],"among":[69],"nine":[71],"consonant--vowel":[72],"syllables.":[73],"These":[74],"used":[77],"sources":[79],"information":[81],"a":[83,96],"fuzzy-logical":[84,93],"model":[85,94],"perception":[87],"an":[89],"additive":[90],"model.":[91],"The":[92],"provided":[95],"significantly":[97],"better":[98],"description":[99],"matrices,":[103],"showing":[104],"that":[105],"is":[108],"analogous":[109],"other":[111],"domains":[112],"recognition":[115,119],"such":[116],"face":[118],"facial-affect":[121],"perception.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}