{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010427088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","title":"Personal Names that Became Ethnic Epithets","display_name":"Personal Names that Became Ethnic Epithets","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010427088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","mag":"2010427088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","pdf_url":"https://ans-names.pitt.edu/ans/article/download/1026/1025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83838860","display_name":"Names","issn_l":"0027-7738","issn":["0027-7738","1756-2279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Names","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ans-names.pitt.edu/ans/article/download/1026/1025","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114096900","display_name":"Irving Lewis Allen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Irving Lewis Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["in Amerikaanse dialecten, plat, of","ordinair taalgebruik, weerspiegelt de geschiedenis van conflicten tussen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"in Amerikaanse dialecten, plat, of","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ordinair taalgebruik, weerspiegelt de geschiedenis van conflicten tussen","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114096900"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.75,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89396709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"307","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.35109999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.35109999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13959","display_name":"Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism","score":0.3125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.12960000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicknames","display_name":"nicknames","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-names","display_name":"personal names","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-slang","display_name":"American slang","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-stereotypes","display_name":"ethnic stereotypes","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-conflict","display_name":"ethnic conflict","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plural-society","display_name":"plural society","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-folklore","display_name":"urban folklore","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folklore","display_name":"folklore","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/given-names","display_name":"given names","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surnames","display_name":"surnames","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john","display_name":"John","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charlie","display_name":"Charlie","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literary-characters","display_name":"literary characters","score":0.4790000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23924245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207869","display_name":"Epithet","level":2,"score":0.8556891679763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7856887578964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105297191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36192","display_name":"Folklore","level":2,"score":0.7103884220123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8102","display_name":"Slang","level":2,"score":0.6526315212249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555789112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175156","display_name":"Onomastics","level":2,"score":0.6274111866950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779835924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146786","display_name":"Plural","level":2,"score":0.5712292194366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5172403454780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116856471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485762","display_name":"Toponymy","level":2,"score":0.5089693069458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4540960192680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41417386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147276","display_name":"Proper noun","level":2,"score":0.4155208468437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.41513964533805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35695701837539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.3517528176307678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.3475760221481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.23141470551490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.16130128502845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15521058440208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.15484383702278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10606217384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09687450528144836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","pdf_url":"https://ans-names.pitt.edu/ans/article/download/1026/1025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83838860","display_name":"Names","issn_l":"0027-7738","issn":["0027-7738","1756-2279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Names","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbdcc98f165f4ce088294c1743c8621f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbdcc98f165f4ce088294c1743c8621f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Names, Vol 31, Iss 4 (1983)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1983.31.4.307","pdf_url":"https://ans-names.pitt.edu/ans/article/download/1026/1025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83838860","display_name":"Names","issn_l":"0027-7738","issn":["0027-7738","1756-2279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Names","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010427088.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010427088.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028364705","https://openalex.org/W2313790800","https://openalex.org/W2315124466","https://openalex.org/W2797147766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138211464","https://openalex.org/W4313240285","https://openalex.org/W2491361571","https://openalex.org/W4399926183","https://openalex.org/W4408883807","https://openalex.org/W4241779536","https://openalex.org/W2262376199","https://openalex.org/W7220594788","https://openalex.org/W4224222932","https://openalex.org/W2802707888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AbstractThe":[0],"inventory":[1],"of":[2,25,42,51,64,68,87,115,135],"generic":[3],"nicknames":[4,123],"for":[5,80],"ethnic":[6,26,36,45,83],"persons":[7],"and":[8,18,44,77,93,106,137,145,163],"groups,":[9],"which":[10],"have":[11,130],"been":[12,131],"used":[13,132],"in":[14,28,49,103],"American":[15,69],"slang,":[16],"dialects,":[17],"other":[19,120],"popular":[20,70,156,161],"speech,":[21,71],"reflects":[22],"the":[23,39,65,88,116],"history":[24],"conflict":[27],"plural":[29],"society.":[30],"The":[31],"sociologist":[32],"can":[33],"usefully":[34],"view":[35],"epithets":[37],"as":[38,133],"lexical":[40],"content":[41],"urban":[43],"folklores.":[46],"About":[47,118],"one":[48],"six":[50],"these":[52],"stereotypical":[53],"names":[54,92,121,127,153],"is":[55],"fonned":[56,142],"on":[57,125,143],"a":[58,62,94],"personal":[59,126,152],"name.":[60],"In":[61],"search":[63],"scholarly":[66],"records":[67],"I":[72],"found":[73],"186":[74],"such":[75],"terms":[76,89],"32":[78],"variants":[79],"35":[81],"different":[82],"groups.":[84],"Over":[85],"100":[86],"are":[90,122,151],"given":[91],"few":[95],"surnames":[96],"that":[97,128],"were":[98],"thought":[99],"to":[100,108,112],"be":[101,109],"common":[102],"various":[104],"groups":[105],"came":[107],"applied":[110],"derisively":[111],"any":[113],"member":[114],"group.":[117],"50":[119],"formed":[124],"historically":[129],"symbols":[134],"anonymity":[136],"low":[138],"status,":[139],"especially":[140],"those":[141],"John":[144],"Charlie.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"over":[148],"30":[149],"tenns":[150],"taken":[154],"from":[155],"historical":[157],"associations,":[158],"literary":[159],"characters,":[160],"verse,":[162],"folklore.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
