{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010421636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/78.4.551","title":"'I JUST PUT A DRONE UNDER HIM...': COLLAGE AND SUBVERSION IN THE SCORE OF 'DIE HARD'","display_name":"'I JUST PUT A DRONE UNDER HIM...': COLLAGE AND SUBVERSION IN THE SCORE OF 'DIE HARD'","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010421636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/78.4.551","mag":"2010421636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ml/78.4.551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/78.4.551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/78.4.551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134075208","display_name":"Music and Letters","issn_l":"0027-4224","issn":["0027-4224","1477-4631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Music and Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019530794","display_name":"Robynn Jeananne Stilwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-2398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-2398"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. J. STILWELL","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019530794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4733,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4733},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37023095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"4","first_page":"551","last_page":"580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12803","display_name":"Cinema History and Criticism","score":0.5806000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12803","display_name":"Cinema History and Criticism","score":0.5806000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.39089998602867126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13380","display_name":"Sound Studies and Aurality","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/die-hard","display_name":"Die Hard","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-music","display_name":"film music","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-film","display_name":"action film","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collage","display_name":"collage","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subversion","display_name":"subversion","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-and-sound","display_name":"music and sound","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-and-image","display_name":"music and image","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heroes-and-villains","display_name":"heroes and villains","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antihero","display_name":"anti-hero","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-genre","display_name":"film genre","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-and-vision","display_name":"sound and vision","score":0.49300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.7648588418960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5884662866592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.5872595310211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.5654325485229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167651023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474611","display_name":"Plot (graphics)","level":2,"score":0.5322154760360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5137990117073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.49160036444664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060330","display_name":"Subversion","level":3,"score":0.468432754278183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.4488428831100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.4011261761188507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ml/78.4.551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/78.4.551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/78.4.551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134075208","display_name":"Music and Letters","issn_l":"0027-4224","issn":["0027-4224","1477-4631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Music and Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413829545","https://openalex.org/W7214127152","https://openalex.org/W7065279783","https://openalex.org/W2887091250","https://openalex.org/W7021096295","https://openalex.org/W2218553306","https://openalex.org/W2889024385","https://openalex.org/W2322341592","https://openalex.org/W4399237225","https://openalex.org/W2091122100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"WHEN":[0],"IT":[1],"WAS":[2],"released":[3],"in":[4,54,95,137,252,344],"1988,":[5],"Die":[6,29,67,138],"Hard":[7,30,68,139],"was":[8,25,31,63],"regarded":[9],"as":[10,43,172],"just":[11,142],"another":[12],"action":[13,37],"film,":[14,38],"albeit":[15],"a":[16,44,115],"whopping":[17],"good":[18],"one.":[19],"Time":[20],"has":[21,173,240],"proved":[22],"that":[23,49,295],"it":[24,40,227],"something":[26],"more":[27,238],"significant:":[28],"not":[32,150,215],"the":[33,55,59,70,79,100,131,134,158,162,167,232,248,259,271,274,286,298,308,329,341,349,352,365],"first":[34],"great":[35],"blockbuster":[36],"but":[39,224,245],"swiftly":[41],"emerged":[42],"virtual":[45],"template":[46],"for":[47,58,69,126],"those":[48],"followed.":[50],"As":[51,94],"with":[52,107,303,364],"Singin'":[53],"Rain":[56],"(1952)":[57],"musical,":[60],"however,":[61],"there":[62,357],"enough":[64],"history":[65],"behind":[66],"film":[71,183,279,333,338],"both":[72],"to":[73,76,84,169,182,198,204,212,235,243,320,362],"epitomize":[74],"and":[75,92,110,113,146,153,165,178,207,250,263,281,317,346,369],"comment":[77],"upon":[78],"genre.":[80],"Action":[81],"films":[82],"tend":[83],"be":[85,321],"based":[86,290],"on":[87,258,285,291],"simple":[88],"juxtapositions":[89],"of":[90,99,133,157,261,273,277,310,332,337,367],"hero":[91,164],"villain.":[93],"musicals,":[96],"so":[97,151],"much":[98],"film's":[101],"running":[102],"time":[103,177,179],"is":[104,124,144,149,155,219],"taken":[105],"up":[106],"set":[108],"pieces-songs":[109],"dances,":[111],"chases":[112],"demolitions-that":[114],"fairly":[116],"schematic":[117],"plot,":[118],"individualized":[119],"only":[120,216,348],"by":[121],"local":[122],"detail,":[123],"essential":[125],"narrative":[127],"clarity.":[128],"But":[129],"while":[130],"identities":[132],"key":[135],"players":[136],"are":[140,289,296,314],"clear,":[141,152],"who":[143,147],"antagonist":[145],"protagonist":[148],"music":[154,218,318,339],"one":[156],"primary":[159],"elements":[160],"undercutting":[161],"nominal":[163],"elevating":[166],"'villain'":[168],"anti-hero.":[170],"Yet,":[171],"been":[174,186,203,241,359],"pointed":[175],"out":[176],"again,":[180],"approaches":[181],"have":[184,193,202,269,282,358],"traditionally":[185],"very":[187,299],"visually":[188],"orientated.'":[189],"Even":[190,306],"though":[191],"film-makers":[192],"often":[194],"compared":[195],"their":[196],"work":[197],"music,2":[199],"scholarly":[200],"analogies":[201],"photography,":[205],"painting":[206],"sculpture.":[208],"This":[209],"approach":[210],"tends":[211,319],"negate":[213],"music,":[214],"because":[217,226],"aural":[220],"rather":[221],"than":[222],"visual":[223,330],"also":[225],"evolves":[228],"through":[229],"time.":[230],"In":[231,351],"past":[233,353],"ten":[234],"fifteen":[236],"years,":[237],"attention":[239,284],"given":[242],"sound,":[244],"largely":[246],"concerning":[247],"voice":[249],"usually":[251],"highly":[253,292],"theoretical":[254],"terms,":[255],"drawing":[256],"heavily":[257],"formulations":[260],"Freud":[262],"Lacan.3":[264],"Although":[265],"these":[266],"psychoanalytical":[267],"methods":[268],"shattered":[270],"hegemony":[272],"auteur-based":[275],"theories":[276,294],"early":[278],"studies":[280],"focused":[283],"receiver-subject,":[287],"they":[288],"contentious":[293],"at":[297],"least":[300],"deeply":[301],"ingrained":[302],"patriarchal":[304],"tendencies.":[305],"within":[307],"study":[309],"'sound',":[311],"sound":[312,324,368],"effects":[313],"generally":[315],"ignored,":[316],"separated":[322],"from":[323],"altogether.":[325],"While":[326],"protesting":[327],"against":[328],"bias":[331],"studies,":[334],"many":[335],"scholars":[336],"make":[340],"same":[342],"mistake":[343],"reverse":[345],"examine":[347],"music.":[350],"decade":[354],"or":[355],"so,":[356],"some":[360],"attempts":[361],"deal":[363],"interaction":[366],"vision,":[370]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
