{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010249295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405","title":"From Trader to Priest in Two Hundred Years: The Transformation of a Foreign Figure on Benin Ivories","display_name":"From Trader to Priest in Two Hundred Years: The Transformation of a Foreign Figure on Benin Ivories","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010249295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405","mag":"2010249295"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184725536","display_name":"Art Journal","issn_l":"0004-3249","issn":["0004-3249","2325-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320307","host_organization_name":"College Art Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College Art Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Art Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080600527","display_name":"Barbara Winston Blackmun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barbara W. Blackmun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Art History Department at U","View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Art History Department at U","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080600527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.511,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95333686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"128","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14191","display_name":"Historical Art and Architecture Studies","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13922","display_name":"Historical Art and Culture Studies","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elephant-tusks","display_name":"elephant tusks","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oba","display_name":"Oba","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altar","display_name":"altar","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ivory-carving","display_name":"ivory carving","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/museum-collections","display_name":"museum collections","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ivory-trade","display_name":"ivory trade","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benin-city","display_name":"Benin City","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.6469269394874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472760","display_name":"Antique","level":2,"score":0.5998484492301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.5575060844421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778478046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095","display_name":"Bronze","level":2,"score":0.5062097907066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3217158913612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27916768193244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.2644687294960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.24789246916770935}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184725536","display_name":"Art Journal","issn_l":"0004-3249","issn":["0004-3249","2325-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320307","host_organization_name":"College Art Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College Art Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Art Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/777066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/777066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/777066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184725536","display_name":"Art Journal","issn_l":"0004-3249","issn":["0004-3249","2325-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320307","host_organization_name":"College Art Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College Art Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Art Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W652474154","https://openalex.org/W4234370907","https://openalex.org/W1989718480","https://openalex.org/W4324350764","https://openalex.org/W392215549","https://openalex.org/W4390752027","https://openalex.org/W2289800646","https://openalex.org/W4234422387","https://openalex.org/W4226484290","https://openalex.org/W2232286974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,122],"museums":[1],"and":[2,7,16,40,48,70,166],"private":[3],"collections":[4],"throughout":[5],"Europe":[6],"America":[8],"there":[9],"are":[10,32],"impressive":[11],"holdings":[12],"of":[13,21,29,45,64,85,107,118,136,149,163],"antique":[14],"bronzes":[15],"ivories":[17,109],"from":[18,143],"the":[19,75,77,83,86,92,99,105,113,123,134,140,144,150],"Kingdom":[20],"Benin,":[22],"in":[23,51,67,82,110,116,133],"Nigeria":[24],"(see":[25],"map).":[26],"The":[27,56],"largest":[28],"these":[30,108],"objects":[31],"elephant's":[33],"tusks":[34,57,156],"three":[35],"to":[36,98],"seven":[37],"feet":[38],"long":[39],"elaborately":[41],"carved":[42,73,155],"with":[43],"rows":[44],"figures,":[46],"animals,":[47],"other":[49],"motifs":[50],"high":[52],"relief":[53],"(Fig.":[54,152],"1).":[55],"were":[58,72],"created":[59],"as":[60],"furnishings":[61],"for":[62],"altars":[63],"various":[65],"types":[66],"Benin":[68],"City,":[69],"they":[71],"by":[74,129],"Igbesanmwan,":[76],"royal":[78,120],"ivory":[79],"carvers'":[80],"guild":[81],"palace":[84,101,124],"Oba,":[87],"or":[88],"hereditary":[89],"king.":[90],"From":[91],"eighteenth":[93],"century":[94],"onwards":[95],"European":[96],"visitors":[97],"Oba's":[100],"have":[102,157],"commented":[103],"on":[104,160],"profusion":[106],"shrines":[111,162],"that":[112],"kings":[114],"maintained":[115],"honor":[117],"their":[119],"predecessors.":[121],"each":[125],"tusk":[126,141],"was":[127],"supported":[128],"a":[130,137],"bronze":[131],"pedestal":[132],"form":[135],"crowned":[138],"head,":[139],"rising":[142],"center":[145],"like":[146],"an":[147],"extension":[148],"crown":[151],"2).":[153],"Similar":[154],"been":[158],"noted":[159],"domestic":[161],"high-ranking":[164],"eighteenth-":[165],"nineteenth-century":[167],"chiefs.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}