{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010229230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3097461","title":"Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500-1800","display_name":"Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500-1800","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010229230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3097461","mag":"2010229230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3097461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3097461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3097461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169569900","display_name":"The International Journal of African Historical Studies","issn_l":"0361-7882","issn":["0361-7882","2326-3016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315938","host_organization_name":"Boston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315938"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Boston University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of African Historical Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063758956","display_name":"John Lamphear","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Lamphear","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032123414","display_name":"John Kelly Thornton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-2634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-2634"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John K. Thornton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26563555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"711","last_page":"711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.056299999356269836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13019","display_name":"African Studies and Geopolitics","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war","display_name":"war","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atlantic-africa","display_name":"Atlantic Africa","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slave-trade","display_name":"slave trade","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-armies","display_name":"African armies","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-organization","display_name":"social organization","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-technology","display_name":"military technology","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empire","display_name":"empire","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sierra-leone","display_name":"Sierra Leone","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-coast","display_name":"Gold Coast","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benin","display_name":"Benin","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-central-africa","display_name":"West Central Africa","score":0.9240000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4502692222595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.44456547498703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3503449559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32668814063072205}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3097461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3097461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3097461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169569900","display_name":"The International Journal of African Historical Studies","issn_l":"0361-7882","issn":["0361-7882","2326-3016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315938","host_organization_name":"Boston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315938"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Boston University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of African Historical Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243705538","https://openalex.org/W4252214031","https://openalex.org/W1779273568","https://openalex.org/W1564297989","https://openalex.org/W626336313","https://openalex.org/W4412651106","https://openalex.org/W2801035818","https://openalex.org/W2151732697","https://openalex.org/W4401270893","https://openalex.org/W2565440313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Warfare":[0],"in":[1,15,47,86],"Atlantic":[2],"Africa,":[3],"1500-1800":[4],"investigates":[5],"the":[6,11,16,19,23,29,34,39,43,56,69,78,89],"impact":[7,70],"of":[8,13,18,25,45,58,71,84],"warfare":[9,64,85],"on":[10,63],"history":[12],"Africa":[14,96],"period":[17],"slave":[20,40],"trade":[21,41],"and":[22,38,51,60,66,74,93],"founding":[24],"empires.":[26],"It":[27],"includes":[28],"discussion":[30],"of:":[31],":":[32],"*":[33,42,55,68,81],"relationship":[35],"between":[36],"war":[37],"role":[44],"Europeans":[46],"promoting":[48],"African":[49,53],"wars":[50],"supplying":[52],"armies":[54],"influence":[57],"climatic":[59],"ecological":[61],"factors":[62],"patterns":[65],"dynamics":[67],"social":[72],"organization":[73],"military":[75],"technology,":[76],"including":[77],"gunpowder":[79],"revolution":[80],"case":[82],"studies":[83],"Sierra":[87],"Leone,":[88],"Gold":[90],"Coast,":[91],"Benin":[92],"West":[94],"Central":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}