{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010219476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029185","title":"A meta-analysis of writing instruction for students in the elementary grades.","display_name":"A meta-analysis of writing instruction for students in the elementary grades.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010219476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029185","mag":"2010219476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/a0029185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61703936","display_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0022-0663","issn":["0022-0663","1939-2176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027680628","display_name":"Steve Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-5865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-5865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, AZ, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, AZ, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054110964","display_name":"Debra McKeown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-6925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-6925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debra McKeown","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Georgia State University, GA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Georgia State University, GA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089692766","display_name":"Sharlene A. Kiuhara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-5495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-5495"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharlene Kiuhara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westminster College,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westminster College,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016194439","display_name":"Karen R. Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-8510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-8510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen R. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, AZ, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, AZ, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.9898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":829,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"4","first_page":"879","last_page":"896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-instruction","display_name":"writing instruction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-intervention","display_name":"writing intervention","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-writing-instruction","display_name":"explicit writing instruction","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulated-strategy-development","display_name":"self-regulated strategy development","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-process-instruction","display_name":"writing process instruction","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-structure-instruction","display_name":"text structure instruction","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity-teaching","display_name":"creativity instruction","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription-skills","display_name":"transcription skills","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaffolding","display_name":"scaffolding","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prewriting","display_name":"prewriting","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-assistance","display_name":"peer assistance","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-assessment","display_name":"writing assessment","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-processing","display_name":"word processing","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-quality","display_name":"writing quality","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7709907293319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6758579611778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5984013080596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10050518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975085","display_name":"Primary education","level":2,"score":0.4595900774002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.4149530231952667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3855850100517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/a0029185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61703936","display_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0022-0663","issn":["0022-0663","1939-2176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.acu.edu.au:fhs_pub-3264","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchbank.acu.edu.au/fhs_pub/2265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401783","display_name":"Research Bank (Australian Catholic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86695891","host_organization_name":"Australian Catholic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86695891"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5106299","https://openalex.org/W61658440","https://openalex.org/W260210976","https://openalex.org/W603550078","https://openalex.org/W612372977","https://openalex.org/W1491965902","https://openalex.org/W1499432340","https://openalex.org/W1537683158","https://openalex.org/W1542442520","https://openalex.org/W1544798015","https://openalex.org/W1964493548","https://openalex.org/W1966248238","https://openalex.org/W1968250697","https://openalex.org/W1970391825","https://openalex.org/W1974428012","https://openalex.org/W1976341593","https://openalex.org/W1990834786","https://openalex.org/W1991126695","https://openalex.org/W1992230851","https://openalex.org/W1994337725","https://openalex.org/W1998485876","https://openalex.org/W2000741637","https://openalex.org/W2000899752","https://openalex.org/W2001693348","https://openalex.org/W2004765035","https://openalex.org/W2006763507","https://openalex.org/W2009782135","https://openalex.org/W2010203201","https://openalex.org/W2010547261","https://openalex.org/W2015744624","https://openalex.org/W2018227387","https://openalex.org/W2018336488","https://openalex.org/W2018516514","https://openalex.org/W2032048902","https://openalex.org/W2035350639","https://openalex.org/W2036596956","https://openalex.org/W2039614856","https://openalex.org/W2040916408","https://openalex.org/W2040925041","https://openalex.org/W2042254157","https://openalex.org/W2044658223","https://openalex.org/W2050305421","https://openalex.org/W2051736135","https://openalex.org/W2052039250","https://openalex.org/W2053516769","https://openalex.org/W2061198484","https://openalex.org/W2064240991","https://openalex.org/W2067157705","https://openalex.org/W2075628565","https://openalex.org/W2080414403","https://openalex.org/W2080986288","https://openalex.org/W2081995478","https://openalex.org/W2082606407","https://openalex.org/W2083361872","https://openalex.org/W2093588077","https://openalex.org/W2094211193","https://openalex.org/W2101506772","https://openalex.org/W2103798445","https://openalex.org/W2109066228","https://openalex.org/W2126124753","https://openalex.org/W2129178777","https://openalex.org/W2131305728","https://openalex.org/W2131788830","https://openalex.org/W2137109911","https://openalex.org/W2143246092","https://openalex.org/W2158864599","https://openalex.org/W2166201094","https://openalex.org/W2176280460","https://openalex.org/W2319794630","https://openalex.org/W2562149696","https://openalex.org/W2724586182","https://openalex.org/W2795681729","https://openalex.org/W2891300052","https://openalex.org/W2995922071","https://openalex.org/W2996051946","https://openalex.org/W3149277062","https://openalex.org/W4247930181","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2611523470","https://openalex.org/W3210678099","https://openalex.org/W4246615163","https://openalex.org/W4360943417","https://openalex.org/W4386361997","https://openalex.org/W2417314287","https://openalex.org/W4200125571","https://openalex.org/W3137050203","https://openalex.org/W2357002993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"an":[1,41,47],"effort":[2],"to":[3,11,65,102,214],"identify":[4],"effective":[5],"instructional":[6],"practices":[7],"for":[8,39,51,131],"teaching":[9,76,120],"writing":[10,21,53,62,72,77,127,153,164,176,182,215],"elementary":[12],"grade":[13],"students,":[14],"we":[15],"conducted":[16],"a":[17,61,91,189],"meta-analysis":[18],"of":[19,85,138,196],"the":[20,37,59,194,203],"intervention":[22,63],"literature,":[23],"focusing":[24],"our":[25],"efforts":[26],"on":[27],"true":[28],"and":[29,119,162,180,211],"quasi-experiments.":[30],"We":[31,45,166],"located":[32],"115":[33],"documents":[34],"that":[35,169,202],"included":[36,57],"statistics":[38],"computing":[40],"effect":[42],"size":[43],"(ES).":[44],"calculated":[46],"average":[48],"weighted":[49],"ES":[50],"13":[52],"interventions.":[54],"To":[55],"be":[56,66],"in":[58,68,188,193],"analysis,":[60],"had":[64],"tested":[67],"4":[69],"studies.":[70],"Six":[71],"interventions":[73,87,128,140],"involved":[74,129],"explicitly":[75],"processes,":[78],"skills,":[79],"or":[80,133],"knowledge.":[81],"All":[82],"but":[83],"1":[84],"these":[86,139],"(grammar":[88],"instruction)":[89],"produced":[90,141],"statistically":[92,142,190],"significant":[93,143,191],"effect:":[94],"strategy":[95,103,205],"instruction":[96,104,110,115,216],"(ES":[97,105,111,116,123,147,154,159,172,177,184,208,217],"=":[98,106,112,117,124,148,155,160,173,178,185,209,218],"1.02),":[99],"adding":[100],"self-regulation":[101],"0.50),":[107],"text":[108],"structure":[109],"0.59),":[113],"creativity/imagery":[114],"0.70),":[118],"transcription":[121],"skills":[122],"0.55).":[125],"Four":[126],"procedures":[130],"scaffolding":[132],"supporting":[134],"students'":[135,197],"writing.":[136,198],"Each":[137],"effects:":[144],"prewriting":[145],"activities":[146],"0.54),":[149],"peer":[150],"assistance":[151],"when":[152],"0.89),":[156],"product":[157],"goals":[158],"0.76),":[161],"assessing":[163],"(0.42).":[165],"also":[167],"found":[168],"word":[170],"processing":[171],"0.47),":[174],"extra":[175],"0.30),":[179],"comprehensive":[181],"programs":[183],"0.42)":[186],"resulted":[187],"improvement":[192],"quality":[195],"Moderator":[199],"analyses":[200],"revealed":[201],"self-regulated":[204],"development":[206],"model":[207],"1.17)":[210],"process":[212],"approach":[213],"0.40)":[219],"improved":[220],"how":[221],"well":[222],"students":[223],"wrote.\n\nSupplemental":[224],"materials:":[225],"http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029185.supp":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T18:32:59.640997","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
