{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010156490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034301","title":"Insecticide susceptibility status in individual species of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in an area of The Gambia where pyrethroid impregnated bednets are used extensively for malaria control","display_name":"Insecticide susceptibility status in individual species of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in an area of The Gambia where pyrethroid impregnated bednets are used extensively for malaria control","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010156490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034301","mag":"2010156490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0007485300034301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87316741","display_name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","issn_l":"0007-4853","issn":["0007-4853","1475-2670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017078169","display_name":"Janet Hemingway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3200-7173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3200-7173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Hemingway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043164969","display_name":"Steve W. Lindsay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-9050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-9050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116687","display_name":"MRC Unit the Gambia","ror":"https://ror.org/025wfj672","country_code":"GM","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4210116687","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90344618","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB","GM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.W. Lindsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116687","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082696715","display_name":"Graham J. Small","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.J. Small","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008254527","display_name":"Musa Jawara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116687","display_name":"MRC Unit the Gambia","ror":"https://ror.org/025wfj672","country_code":"GM","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4210116687","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90344618","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB","GM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Jawara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116687","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109530323","display_name":"Frank H. Collins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.H. Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health and Human Services, Centres for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Human Services, Centres for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017078169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67182274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"2","first_page":"229","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11075","display_name":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14053","display_name":"Dengue and Mosquito Control Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-gambiae-s-l","display_name":"Anopheles gambiae s.l.","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insecticide-resistance","display_name":"insecticide resistance","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrethroid-resistance","display_name":"pyrethroid resistance","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-vector-control","display_name":"malaria vector control","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddt-resistance","display_name":"DDT resistance","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-melas","display_name":"Anopheles melas","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-s-transferase","display_name":"glutathione S-transferase","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permethrin","display_name":"permethrin","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddt-metabolism","display_name":"DDT metabolism","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-detection-of-resistance","display_name":"early detection of resistance","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gambia","display_name":"Gambia","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776802408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135237","display_name":"Anopheles gambiae","level":3,"score":0.8798331022262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.861569881439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779752676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411635","display_name":"Permethrin","level":3,"score":0.7902430295944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745766","display_name":"Pyrethroid","level":3,"score":0.6961013674736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.6749861240386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780346216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026475","display_name":"Indoor residual spraying","level":5,"score":0.6024585962295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779985137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2003646","display_name":"Mosquito control","level":3,"score":0.5957022905349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781375639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158597","display_name":"Anopheles","level":3,"score":0.5786660313606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92087593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427389","display_name":"Vector (molecular biology)","level":4,"score":0.47863641381263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.441104918718338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.39213770627975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3225947618484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2698431611061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.2213592231273651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08802470564842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776120307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426921","display_name":"Artemisinin","level":4,"score":0.05229729413986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0007485300034301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87316741","display_name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","issn_l":"0007-4853","issn":["0007-4853","1475-2670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898002581","https://openalex.org/W1931261807","https://openalex.org/W1939847984","https://openalex.org/W1957543647","https://openalex.org/W1972850914","https://openalex.org/W1986943831","https://openalex.org/W2025562128","https://openalex.org/W2053221118","https://openalex.org/W2055958238","https://openalex.org/W2056575623","https://openalex.org/W2062091111","https://openalex.org/W2094651755","https://openalex.org/W2099789973","https://openalex.org/W2100984393","https://openalex.org/W2111334238","https://openalex.org/W2122641794","https://openalex.org/W2123771845","https://openalex.org/W2139189726","https://openalex.org/W2148578080","https://openalex.org/W2171057943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164748390","https://openalex.org/W3111840319","https://openalex.org/W2948230216","https://openalex.org/W7096306551","https://openalex.org/W2922368714","https://openalex.org/W2163385250","https://openalex.org/W3089040510","https://openalex.org/W2162793164","https://openalex.org/W2102773470","https://openalex.org/W4389923015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Pyrethroid-impregnated":[1],"bednets":[2,252],"are":[3,101],"being":[4],"used":[5,28,118,176],"nationwide":[6],"in":[7,55,69,91,115,119,192,225,234,238],"The":[8,10,33],"Gambia.":[9],"future":[11],"success":[12],"of":[13,43,53,77,81,104,135,157,174,187,208,228,250],"this":[14,56,59],"malaria":[15,232],"control":[16],"programme":[17],"depends":[18],"partly":[19],"on":[20,39,199],"the":[21,31,40,44,48,105,120,132,136,141,163,226,235,239],"vectors":[22,98,233],"remaining":[23],"susceptible":[24,169],"to":[25,170,216],"those":[26],"insecticides":[27,177],"for":[29,65,84,154],"treating":[30],"nets.":[32],"present":[34],"study":[35,73,236],"was":[36,131],"carried":[37],"out":[38],"south":[41],"bank":[42],"river":[45],"Gambia,":[46],"during":[47],"first":[49],"large":[50],"scale":[51],"trial":[52],"nets":[54,230],"country.":[57],"Thus":[58],"area":[60,237],"represents":[61],"a":[62,79,92,155,184,223],"sentinel":[63],"site":[64],"detecting":[66],"insecticide":[67,158],"resistance":[68,85,159,189],"local":[70],"vectors.":[71],"This":[72,196],"gives":[74],"an":[75],"example":[76],"how":[78],"system":[80],"early":[82],"detection":[83],"problems":[86],"can":[87],"be":[88,245],"set":[89],"up":[90],"relatively":[93],"complex":[94,108,137,166],"situation":[95],"where":[96],"multiple":[97],"and":[99,149,151,211],"non-vectors":[100],"present.":[102],"Samples":[103],"Anopheles":[106],"gambiae":[107,127,165],"were":[109],"caught":[110],"indoors":[111],"using":[112,140],"light":[113],"traps":[114],"twelve":[116],"villages":[117,125],"bednet":[121],"study.":[122],"In":[123],"all":[124,171],"A.":[126,164,193],"sensu":[128],"stricto":[129],"Giles":[130],"predominant":[133],"member":[134],"as":[138],"determined":[139],"rDNA-PCR":[142],"diagnostic":[143],"assay.":[144],"Limited":[145],"bioassays":[146],"with":[147,205],"DDT":[148,188,209],"permethrin,":[150],"biochemical":[152],"assays":[153,181],"range":[156],"mechanisms":[160],"suggest":[161,182],"that":[162,183],"remains":[167],"completely":[168],"major":[172],"classes":[173],"commonly":[175],"including":[178],"pyrethroids.":[179,217],"Biochemical":[180],"low":[185],"frequency":[186],"may":[190],"occur":[191],"melas":[194],"Theobald.":[195],"is":[197,253],"based":[198],"elevated":[200],"glutathione":[201],"S-transferase":[202],"levels":[203,207],"coupled":[204],"increased":[206],"metabolism":[210],"does":[212],"not":[213,221],"involve":[214],"cross-resistance":[215],"Therefore":[218],"we":[219],"do":[220],"envisage":[222],"decline":[224],"efficacy":[227],"treated":[229],"against":[231],"immediate":[240],"future,":[241],"although":[242],"monitoring":[243],"should":[244],"continued":[246],"whilst":[247],"wide-scale":[248],"use":[249],"impregnated":[251],"operational.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}