{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010106541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660290303","title":"Manipulation of logical structure of chemistry problems and its effect on student performance","display_name":"Manipulation of logical structure of chemistry problems and its effect on student performance","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010106541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660290303","mag":"2010106541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/tea.3660290303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660290303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660290303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171036940","display_name":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching","issn_l":"0022-4308","issn":["0022-4308","1098-2736"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012321205","display_name":"Mansoor N\u00edaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186442907","display_name":"Universidad de Oriente","ror":"https://ror.org/03xygw105","country_code":"VE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186442907"]}],"countries":["VE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansoor Niaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado Postal 90, Cumana, Estado Sucre, Venezuela"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado Postal 90, Cumana, Estado Sucre, Venezuela","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186442907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078758111","display_name":"William R. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1429-4396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1429-4396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3910,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3910},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96024571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"211","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.8574000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.8574000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14097","display_name":"Chemistry Education and Research","score":0.08229999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry-problem-solving","display_name":"chemistry problem solving","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-complexity","display_name":"problem complexity","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-performance","display_name":"student performance","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-reasoning","display_name":"formal reasoning","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making-capacity","display_name":"decision-making capacity","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-problem-solving","display_name":"algorithmic problem solving","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-of-training-effects","display_name":"retention of training effects","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-level","display_name":"developmental level","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.7430128455162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5993933081626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5094805359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.49543607234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21847791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081","display_name":"Logical conjunction","level":2,"score":0.48420074582099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.4567289650440216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44234901666641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4145539402961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3974379301071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.38072454929351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3595271110534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3435055911540985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3366832435131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32141923904418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2668105363845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1396540105342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11063966155052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10789769887924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/tea.3660290303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660290303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660290303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171036940","display_name":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching","issn_l":"0022-4308","issn":["0022-4308","1098-2736"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.7567999958992004}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68074507","https://openalex.org/W600881208","https://openalex.org/W1965630399","https://openalex.org/W1975697912","https://openalex.org/W1979809138","https://openalex.org/W1983742432","https://openalex.org/W1985907182","https://openalex.org/W2013323023","https://openalex.org/W2035423690","https://openalex.org/W2036480539","https://openalex.org/W2037937981","https://openalex.org/W2041779072","https://openalex.org/W2054378512","https://openalex.org/W2076937110","https://openalex.org/W2078268295","https://openalex.org/W2099320623","https://openalex.org/W2103368485","https://openalex.org/W2109273727","https://openalex.org/W2110436142","https://openalex.org/W2133709395","https://openalex.org/W2141950384","https://openalex.org/W2161605541","https://openalex.org/W4256490194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054688703","https://openalex.org/W1985907182","https://openalex.org/W7100431078","https://openalex.org/W45465668","https://openalex.org/W2041779072","https://openalex.org/W2003255530","https://openalex.org/W1964569529","https://openalex.org/W3210498237","https://openalex.org/W3012406624","https://openalex.org/W3004457904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"It":[1,198],"has":[2],"been":[3],"shown":[4],"previously":[5],"that":[6,26,89,117,162,201],"manipulation":[7,27],"of":[8,13,18,28,31,44,61,66,69,99,106,138,145,192,210,215,222,230,233],"the":[9,50,53,59,64,96,104,115,123,136,158,183,189,218,227],"M":[10],"demand":[11],"(amount":[12],"information":[14],"needed":[15],"for":[16,55,226],"processing)":[17],"chemistry":[19,32,70,146,211,234],"problems":[20,33,71,147,175,235],"affects":[21],"student":[22,73],"performance,":[23,74,182],"which":[24,154],"suggests":[25],"logical":[29,67,97,120,190,208,231],"structure":[30,68,98,191],"could":[34,148],"also":[35],"lead":[36,149],"to":[37,48,76,114,150],"significant":[38,205],"changes":[39,83,206],"in":[40,84,95,119,153,165,207],"performance.":[41,85],"The":[42],"objective":[43],"this":[45],"study":[46],"is":[47,58,157,185,199,217,236],"investigate":[49],"following:":[51],"Given":[52],"opportunity":[54],"training,":[56],"what":[57,77],"effect":[60],"increasing":[62],"(manipulation)":[63],"complexity":[65,121,209,232],"on":[72,131,142,176],"and":[75,111,140,168],"extent":[78,116],"can":[79,102],"cognitive":[80,107,160],"variables":[81,108],"explain":[82],"Results":[86],"obtained":[87],"show":[88],"(a)":[90],"even":[91],"a":[92,100,132,151,193],"small":[93],"increase":[94,118],"problem":[101,195],"change":[103],"role":[105],"(mental":[109],"capacity":[110],"formal":[112,155],"reasoning)":[113],"outweighs":[122],"advantage":[124],"students":[125,216],"may":[126],"have":[127],"gained":[128],"through":[129],"training":[130,141],"similar":[133,174],"problem;":[134],"(b)":[135],"use":[137],"algorithms":[139],"particular":[143],"types":[144],"situation":[152],"reasoning":[156],"only":[159],"variable":[161],"explains":[163],"variance":[164],"performance":[166],"significantly;":[167],"(c)":[169],"after":[170],"having":[171],"solved":[172],"very":[173],"two":[177],"different":[178],"occasions":[179],"with":[180,204],"improving":[181],"improvement":[184],"not":[186],"retained":[187],"if":[188],"third":[194],"increases":[196],"considerably.":[197],"concluded":[200],"when":[202],"dealing":[203],"problems,":[212],"developmental":[213],"level":[214],"most":[219],"consistent":[220],"predictor":[221],"success.":[223],"A":[224],"model":[225],"qualitative":[228],"analysis":[229],"presented.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}