{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010002194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200002103420613","title":"Collective Bargaining is the Right Step","display_name":"Collective Bargaining is the Right Step","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010002194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200002103420613","mag":"2010002194","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10666437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejm200002103420613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200002103420613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200002103420613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047700055","display_name":"Andrew C. Yacht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-4444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-4444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Yacht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston Medical Center, MA 02118, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Medical Center, MA 02118, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047700055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7255,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92635769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"342","issue":"6","first_page":"429","last_page":"431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.07660000026226044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12847","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Challenges","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-bargaining","display_name":"collective bargaining","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-residents","display_name":"medical residents","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cedars-sinai-medical-center","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-vs-private-hospitals","display_name":"public vs private hospitals","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/union-recognition","display_name":"union recognition","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776665811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452421","display_name":"Collective bargaining","level":2,"score":0.9328256845474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5643287301063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.485522985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80984254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608190","display_name":"Labor relations","level":2,"score":0.4702158272266388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017735764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256698","display_name":"House staff","level":2,"score":0.44043824076652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510346563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3039782","display_name":"United States labor law","level":3,"score":0.43189162015914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.42306995391845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4103182554244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29817554354667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2669779360294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000046","descriptor_name":"Academic Medical Centers","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001900","descriptor_name":"Boston","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003098","descriptor_name":"Collective Bargaining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007750","descriptor_name":"Labor Unions","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008505","descriptor_name":"Medical Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008505","descriptor_name":"Medical Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032982","descriptor_name":"Contracts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035082","descriptor_name":"Federal Government","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejm200002103420613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200002103420613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200002103420613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10666437","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10666437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New England journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/758098","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:MEDKIE/20116962","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/933145","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/933145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:215181","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2342785249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039125118","https://openalex.org/W2943123624","https://openalex.org/W128904561","https://openalex.org/W2413225771","https://openalex.org/W195559116","https://openalex.org/W2076203928","https://openalex.org/W4365797106","https://openalex.org/W4365797202","https://openalex.org/W4232995857","https://openalex.org/W2411104698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"November":[1],"26,":[2],"the":[3,31,49,53,68,90],"National":[4],"Labor":[5],"Relations":[6],"Board":[7],"(NLRB)":[8],"ruled":[9],"that":[10,51,74],"interns":[11],"and":[12,28,36],"residents":[13,82,94],"in":[14,38,60],"private":[15,72],"hospitals":[16,73],"are":[17],"considered":[18],"under":[19],"federal":[20],"law":[21],"to":[22,33],"be":[23],"employees,":[24],"rather":[25],"than":[26],"students,":[27],"therefore":[29],"have":[30],"right":[32],"form":[34],"unions":[35],"engage":[37],"collective":[39],"bargaining.":[40],"This":[41],"ruling":[42],"overturned":[43],"a":[44,65],"controversial":[45],"1976":[46,69],"decision":[47],"by":[48],"NLRB":[50],"blocked":[52],"house":[54],"staff":[55],"at":[56,95],"Cedars\u2013Sinai":[57],"Medical":[58],"Center":[59],"Los":[61],"Angeles":[62],"from":[63],"organizing":[64],"union.1":[66],"After":[67],"ruling,":[70],"several":[71],"had":[75],"previously":[76],"recognized":[77],"collective-bargaining":[78],"rights":[79],"of":[80,86],"their":[81,84],"withdrew":[83],"recognition":[85],"house-staff":[87],"unions.":[88],"At":[89],"same":[91],"time,":[92],"however,":[93],"public":[96],"institutions,":[97],"who":[98],"were":[99],".":[100,101,102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}