{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009976530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002789033002003","title":"Escalation and Cooperation in Conflict Situations","display_name":"Escalation and Cooperation in Conflict Situations","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009976530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002789033002003","mag":"2009976530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022002789033002003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002789033002003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002789033002003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20177303","display_name":"Journal of Conflict Resolution","issn_l":"0022-0027","issn":["0022-0027","1552-8766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Conflict Resolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041625654","display_name":"Wolfgang Leininger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-7430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-7430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Leininger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041625654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64827586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2","first_page":"231","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escalation","display_name":"escalation","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding-strategy","display_name":"bidding strategy","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commitment","display_name":"commitment","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-irreversibility","display_name":"irreversible investment","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-play","display_name":"equilibrium play","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conciliation","display_name":"conciliation","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auction-game","display_name":"auction game","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-interaction","display_name":"strategic interaction","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.8931240439414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.8803125023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6246690154075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5977213978767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5001020431518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.48421430587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.4744266867637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163239763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153637","display_name":"Common value auction","level":2,"score":0.4187677204608917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3403072655200958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33499467372894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09703436493873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022002789033002003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002789033002003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002789033002003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20177303","display_name":"Journal of Conflict Resolution","issn_l":"0022-0027","issn":["0022-0027","1552-8766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Conflict Resolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:jocore:v:33:y:1989:i:2:p:231-254","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002789033002003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538545935","https://openalex.org/W1715708896","https://openalex.org/W1998191601","https://openalex.org/W2068869385","https://openalex.org/W2083100616","https://openalex.org/W2085120382","https://openalex.org/W2115267698","https://openalex.org/W2149980358","https://openalex.org/W2168879783","https://openalex.org/W4235581472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1725775552","https://openalex.org/W4255090499","https://openalex.org/W2083100616","https://openalex.org/W2149980358","https://openalex.org/W2183971436","https://openalex.org/W2250831260","https://openalex.org/W1502341777","https://openalex.org/W7095145736","https://openalex.org/W4213200758","https://openalex.org/W2604601612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,92],"present":[1],"a":[2,56,95,119,134],"new":[3,71,77],"game-theoretic":[4],"analysis":[5],"of":[6,16,46,59,74,99],"an":[7,29],"abstract":[8],"auction":[9],"game":[10,61,101],"that":[11,67,104,131],"captures":[12],"essential":[13],"strategic":[14,65],"aspects":[15],"escalation":[17],"phenomena.":[18],"Two":[19],"competitive":[20,106],"adversaries":[21],"commit":[22],"resources":[23],"irreversibly":[24],"in":[25],"order":[26],"to":[27,70,124],"win":[28],"indivisible":[30],"prize;":[31],"the":[32,36,44,60,100],"winner":[33,40],"will":[34],"take":[35],"prize":[37],"while":[38],"both":[39],"and":[41,62,102],"loser":[42],"incur":[43],"cost":[45],"their":[47],"bids":[48,107],"(investments).":[49],"Following":[50],"O'Neill":[51],"(1986),":[52],"we":[53],"first":[54],"reexamine":[55],"discrete":[57],"version":[58],"emphasize":[63],"some":[64],"considerations":[66],"give":[68],"rise":[69],"bidding":[72,116],"strategies":[73],"players.":[75],"These":[76],"strategies,":[78],"however,":[79],"confirm":[80],"O'Neill's":[81],"result":[82],"qualitatively:":[83],"Rational":[84],"players":[85],"should":[86],"not":[87],"bid":[88],"against":[89],"each":[90],"other.":[91],"then":[93],"introduce":[94],"more":[96],"general":[97],"model":[98],"show":[103],"escalatory":[105],"are":[108],"compatible":[109],"with":[110,114],"equilibrium":[111],"play.":[112],"Equilibria":[113],"escalating":[115],"eventually":[117,132],"realize":[118],"\u201cdraw\u201d:":[120],"Initial":[121],"firmness":[122],"(leading":[123],"escalation)":[125],"is":[126],"followed":[127],"by":[128],"conciliatory":[129],"behavior":[130],"implements":[133],"common":[135],"commitment":[136],"level.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
