{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009679931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0087","title":"Does Russian Orientalism Have a Russian Soul? A Contribution to the Debate between Nathaniel Knight and Adeeb Khalid","display_name":"Does Russian Orientalism Have a Russian Soul? A Contribution to the Debate between Nathaniel Knight and Adeeb Khalid","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009679931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0087","mag":"2009679931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/kri.2008.0087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33952821","display_name":"Kritika","issn_l":"1531-023X","issn":["1531-023X","1538-5000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4376881957","host_organization_name":"Slavica Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4376881957","https://openalex.org/P4310315935"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slavica Publishers","Indiana University Bloomington"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058598850","display_name":"Maria Todorova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-4757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-4757"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Todorova","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058598850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30431314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"717","last_page":"727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12777","display_name":"Philosophy, History, and Historiography","score":0.5062999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12777","display_name":"Philosophy, History, and Historiography","score":0.5062999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11070","display_name":"Soviet and Russian History","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13818","display_name":"Cultural Studies and Colonialism","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-orientalism","display_name":"Russian Orientalism","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universalism","display_name":"universalism","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edward-said","display_name":"Edward Said","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientalism","display_name":"Orientalism","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-historiography","display_name":"Russian historiography","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-differences","display_name":"cultural differences","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology-of-history","display_name":"epistemology of history","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-comparison","display_name":"regional comparison","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-soul","display_name":"Russian soul","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parochialism","display_name":"parochialism","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-national-identity","display_name":"Russian national identity","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-exceptionalism","display_name":"Russian exceptionalism","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510816226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42865","display_name":"Orientalism","level":2,"score":0.7228754162788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781061807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6843150","display_name":"Universalism","level":3,"score":0.6516333222389221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29598333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50675","display_name":"Historiography","level":2,"score":0.571029007434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71140485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2943226","display_name":"Knight","level":2,"score":0.537645697593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843227","display_name":"Trope (literature)","level":2,"score":0.5323354005813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780822299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9165","display_name":"Soul","level":2,"score":0.5188859105110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4565323293209076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.4470410943031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47385372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098943","display_name":"Optimal distinctiveness theory","level":2,"score":0.4380037784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4274009168148041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194078274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34362","display_name":"Astrology","level":2,"score":0.41698744893074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.37459051609039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.2894805669784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.2727528214454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.24930140376091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20951184630393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.18720725178718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16146624088287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.12233677506446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/kri.2008.0087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33952821","display_name":"Kritika","issn_l":"1531-023X","issn":["1531-023X","1538-5000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4376881957","host_organization_name":"Slavica Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4376881957","https://openalex.org/P4310315935"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slavica Publishers","Indiana University Bloomington"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/234111","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/234111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W355204565","https://openalex.org/W408041793","https://openalex.org/W626482453","https://openalex.org/W2015768267","https://openalex.org/W2033296412","https://openalex.org/W2047677251","https://openalex.org/W2068634287","https://openalex.org/W2117402531","https://openalex.org/W2160737369","https://openalex.org/W2253125439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W290559294","https://openalex.org/W3168048174","https://openalex.org/W4415099180","https://openalex.org/W2606047280","https://openalex.org/W3113867290","https://openalex.org/W2280032727","https://openalex.org/W176135611","https://openalex.org/W4392038909","https://openalex.org/W4415557244","https://openalex.org/W2156708617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Does":[0],"Russian":[1,5,40,66,323],"Orientalism":[2,108],"Have":[3],"a":[4,78,145,294,302,344,362,385,407,454,482,541,548,553,559,572,584,634,671,679],"Soul?":[6],"A":[7],"Contribution":[8],"to":[9,64,70,125,163,239,270,283,300,317,336,377,384,406,513,555,575,606,644],"the":[10,26,36,58,65,111,120,127,136,149,154,172,180,189,212,235,253,256,278,337,360,373,380,390,428,441,491,503,519,527,533,545,567,593,645,652,661,674,684],"Debate":[11],"between":[12,29,148,179],"Nathaniel":[13,33],"Knight":[14,34],"and":[15,32,52,153,188,261,346,369,371,479,516,562,577,609,638],"Adeeb":[16,30],"Khalid":[17,31,285],"Maria":[18],"Todorova":[19],"(bio)":[20],"The":[21,183,259,600,626],"big":[22],"question":[23,38,72],"looming":[24],"behind":[25],"polemical":[27],"exchange":[28,665],"is":[35,44,73,77,88,248,286,297,330,413,445,453,490,508],"timeless":[37],"of":[39,60,129,138,151,156,186,192,245,263,273,305,322,328,339,365,375,379,392,399,404,431,476,505,535,603,628,648,663,666,673],"history:":[41],"how":[42,605],"unique":[43],"Russia?":[45],"How":[46],"applicable":[47],"are":[48,199,266],"general":[49,429,511],"historical":[50,97,620,667],"categories":[51,368],"models":[53],"(especially":[54],"when":[55],"universalized":[56],"on":[57,84,119,135,211,472,502,566,623],"basis":[59,504],"Western":[61,682],"European":[62,460,478],"experience)":[63],"case?":[67],"Khalid's":[68],"response":[69],"this":[71,101,143,203,243,488,613,629],"unequivocal:":[74],"Russia's":[75,96,130,139],"uniqueness":[76,152],"myth":[79],"that":[80,94,100,221,233,313,422,456,485,641],"imposes":[81],"severe":[82],"limitations":[83,321],"its":[85,437],"historiography.":[86],"It":[87,161],"only":[89,292],"by":[90,597,616],"engaging":[91],"in":[92,175,224,268,359,416,467,518,610],"\"approaches":[93],"dilute":[95],"specificity\"":[98],"(692)":[99],"parochialism":[102],"can":[103,423],"be":[104,197,424],"overcome.":[105],"In":[106,447,583],"Said's":[107],"he":[109,333,342,443],"finds":[110],"methodological":[112],"possibility":[113],"for":[114,595],"one":[115,448,492],"such":[116],"approach.":[117,258],"Knight,":[118],"other":[121],"hand,":[122],"while":[123],"careful":[124],"discard":[126],"trope":[128],"uniqueness,":[131],"premises":[132],"his":[133,194,290],"approach":[134,296,338],"idea":[137],"\"distinctiveness\"":[140],"(706),":[141],"presenting":[142],"as":[144,238,275,277,499,524,526,670,678],"moderating":[146],"position":[147],"Scylla":[150],"Charybdis":[155],"generic":[157],"Europeanness":[158],"or":[159,255,450,521],"universalism.":[160],"seems":[162],"me":[164],"that,":[165],"quite":[166],"apart":[167],"from":[168,681],"Said,":[169],"here":[170],"lies":[171],"basic":[173],"difference":[174,395],"optics":[176],"(or":[177],"philosophy)":[178],"two":[181,213],"positions.":[182],"different":[184,190],"interpretations":[185],"Said":[187],"understandings":[191],"whether/how":[193],"message":[195],"should":[196],"applied":[198],"then":[200],"superimposed":[201],"onto":[202],"fundamental":[204,347],"distinction.":[205],"I":[206],"will":[207],"therefore":[208],"comment":[209],"separately":[210],"issues.":[214],"Distinctiveness":[215],"versus":[216],"Universalism":[217],"Let":[218],"us":[219,316],"remember":[220],"epistemology":[222],"is,":[223,403],"practice,":[225],"about":[226,289,493],"heuristic":[227,631],"devices":[228,265],"which":[229],"offer":[230],"explanatory":[231,279],"schemata":[232],"order":[234],"world":[236],"so":[237],"comprehend":[240],"it.":[241],"From":[242],"point":[244],"view,":[246],"there":[247,412,551],"nothing":[249],"immanent":[250],"privileging":[251],"either":[252],"universalist":[254,295],"distinctiveness":[257,329],"function":[260],"adequacy":[262],"these":[264,589,649,656],"judged":[267],"relation":[269],"an":[271,420,509],"object":[272],"study,":[274],"well":[276,525],"trend":[280],"they":[281,357],"want":[282],"promote.":[284],"very":[287],"clear":[288],"motives:":[291],"within":[293,558],"it":[298,452],"possible":[299],"engage":[301],"vibrant":[303],"body":[304],"interdisciplinary":[306],"work,":[307],"attaining":[308],"truly":[309],"meaningful":[310],"cross-regional":[311],"comparisons":[312],"would":[314,334],"allow":[315,335],"overcome":[318],"\"the":[319],"self-imposed":[320],"historiography\"":[324],"(692).":[325],"Knight's":[326],"niche":[327],"closer":[331],"than":[332],"uniqueness;":[340],"yet,":[341],"raises":[343,444],"classic":[345],"epistemological":[348],"problem":[349,442,455,601],"[End":[350],"Page":[351],"717]":[352],"facing":[353],"universalizing":[354,542],"discourses.":[355],"Are":[356],"not,":[358],"end,":[361],"discreet":[363],"way":[364,449],"imposing":[366],"hegemonic":[367],"models,":[370],"reducing":[372],"objects":[374],"study":[376],"variants":[378],"primary":[381],"case":[382],"elevated":[383],"normative":[386],"model?":[387],"He":[388,402],"calls":[389],"danger":[391],"rejecting":[393],"cultural":[394],"\"an":[396],"insidious":[397],"form":[398],"neo-imperialism\"":[400],"(715).":[401],"course,":[405,604],"great":[408],"extent":[409],"right,":[410],"although":[411],"some":[414,465],"irony":[415],"hearing":[417],"him":[418],"describe":[419],"imperialism":[421],"subsumed":[425],"precisely":[426],"under":[427,487],"category":[430,512],"Orientalism,":[432],"after":[433],"having":[434],"pleaded":[435],"against":[436],"ubiquitous":[438],"application.":[439],"But":[440],"real.":[446],"another,":[451],"practically":[457],"all":[458],"non-Western":[459],"historiographies":[461,657],"have":[462],"faced":[463],"at":[464,544],"moment":[466],"their":[468,624],"development.":[469],"To":[470],"draw":[471],"my":[473],"own":[474],"knowledge":[475],"East":[477],"Ottoman":[480,522],"studies,":[481],"standing":[483],"discussion":[484],"falls":[486],"rubric":[489],"periodization.":[494],"Another":[495],"asks":[496],"whether":[497],"feudalism,":[498],"developed":[500],"mostly":[501],"French":[506],"material,":[507],"appropriate":[510],"encompass":[514],"structures":[515],"relationships":[517],"Byzantine":[520],"empires,":[523],"medieval":[528],"Balkan":[529],"societies.":[530],"Especially":[531],"with":[532,592],"imposition":[534],"official":[536],"Marxism":[537],"(in":[538],"itself":[539],"both":[540],"and,":[543],"same":[546,653],"time,":[547,654],"Eurocentric":[549],"idiom),":[550],"was":[552,570,614,633],"tendency":[554,574],"subsume":[556],"everything":[557],"standard":[560],"model,":[561],"mention":[563],"local":[564,619],"\"deviations\"":[565],"side.":[568],"There":[569],"also":[571],"natural":[573],"resist,":[576],"yet":[578],"somehow":[579],"focus":[580],"on,":[581],"specificity.":[582],"curious":[585],"but":[586],"predictable":[587],"way,":[588],"efforts":[590],"coincided":[591],"search":[594],"authenticity":[596],"nationalist":[598],"historiographies.":[599,650],"was,":[602],"articulate":[607],"difference,":[608],"most":[611],"cases":[612],"done":[615],"employing":[617],"specific":[618],"categories,":[621],"insisting":[622],"non-translatability.":[625],"result":[627,672],"understandable":[630],"shift":[632],"hermetic,":[635],"often":[636],"arcane":[637],"self-referential":[639],"analysis":[640],"contributed":[642],"much":[643],"further":[646],"marginalization":[647],"At":[651],"once":[655],"were":[658],"pulled":[659],"into":[660],"sphere":[662],"international":[664],"knowledge,":[668],"primarily":[669],"generalizing":[675],"projects":[676],"stemming,":[677],"rule,":[680],"academia,":[683],"untranslatable...":[685]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}