{"id":"https://openalex.org/W20095702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","title":"Basal Ganglia Circuitry and Synaptic Connectivity","display_name":"Basal Ganglia Circuitry and Synaptic Connectivity","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W20095702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","mag":"20095702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463399","display_name":"Humana Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315801","host_organization_name":"Humana Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315801","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humana Press","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Other Movement Disorders","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406311593","display_name":"Surgical Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Other Movement Disorders"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041821841","display_name":"Ali Charara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Charara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109994865","display_name":"Mamadou Sidib\u00e9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamadou Sidib\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051289855","display_name":"Yoland Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-878X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-878X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoland Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73433875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-ganglia","display_name":"basal ganglia","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-connectivity","display_name":"synaptic connectivity","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/striatum","display_name":"striatum","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globus-pallidus","display_name":"globus pallidus","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthalamic-nucleus","display_name":"subthalamic nucleus","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substantia-nigra","display_name":"substantia nigra","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huntington-s-disease","display_name":"Huntington's disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-disorders","display_name":"movement disorders","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychomotor-behavior","display_name":"psychomotor behavior","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caudate-nucleus","display_name":"caudate nucleus","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/putamen","display_name":"putamen","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleus-accumbens","display_name":"nucleus accumbens","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entopeduncular-nucleus","display_name":"entopeduncular nucleus","score":0.8199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780278869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759633","display_name":"Globus pallidus","level":4,"score":0.930088996887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777319143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270424","display_name":"Subthalamic nucleus","level":5,"score":0.9253313541412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464210","display_name":"Basal ganglia","level":3,"score":0.9028317928314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550934","display_name":"Putamen","level":2,"score":0.7499279975891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776773494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3366041","display_name":"Pars compacta","level":5,"score":0.747552216053009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7380094528198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753278","display_name":"Substantia nigra","level":4,"score":0.6857908368110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777186548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7139918","display_name":"Pars reticulata","level":5,"score":0.6630052924156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319792","display_name":"Striatum","level":3,"score":0.6056427955627441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476178","display_name":"Nucleus accumbens","level":3,"score":0.5957126021385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781423529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132309","display_name":"Caudate nucleus","level":2,"score":0.5447285175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162536842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6025117","display_name":"Indirect pathway of movement","level":4,"score":0.5312392711639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192096249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18027442","display_name":"5-HT4 receptor","level":4,"score":0.4696615934371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85714458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17152690","display_name":"Medium spiny neuron","level":4,"score":0.4321790039539337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3914318382740021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3391531705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.3206174969673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.2519418001174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.19642791152000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19640544056892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.1746326982975006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10367515683174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.04595491290092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.04155319929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463399","display_name":"Humana Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315801","host_organization_name":"Humana Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315801","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humana Press","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Other Movement Disorders","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"doi:10.1385/1-59259-312-7:19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-312-7:19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-312-7:19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463399","display_name":"Humana Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315801","host_organization_name":"Humana Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315801","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humana Press","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"mag:20095702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-1-59259-312-5_2.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-312-5_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463399","display_name":"Humana Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315801","host_organization_name":"Humana Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315801","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humana Press","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Other Movement Disorders","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":174,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66994731","https://openalex.org/W82637019","https://openalex.org/W99560432","https://openalex.org/W155829966","https://openalex.org/W221359381","https://openalex.org/W578012839","https://openalex.org/W613594210","https://openalex.org/W633589597","https://openalex.org/W1526327880","https://openalex.org/W1550887894","https://openalex.org/W1586994437","https://openalex.org/W1602855037","https://openalex.org/W1607052939","https://openalex.org/W1622774380","https://openalex.org/W1633465816","https://openalex.org/W1650872726","https://openalex.org/W1719392996","https://openalex.org/W1806855318","https://openalex.org/W1807195566","https://openalex.org/W1841184978","https://openalex.org/W1880718918","https://openalex.org/W1910298002","https://openalex.org/W1915840267","https://openalex.org/W1916165364","https://openalex.org/W1925686653","https://openalex.org/W1963929973","https://openalex.org/W1964494222","https://openalex.org/W1966880998","https://openalex.org/W1967584588","https://openalex.org/W1967784117","https://openalex.org/W1969324574","https://openalex.org/W1969701888","https://openalex.org/W1972026743","https://openalex.org/W1976697579","https://openalex.org/W1978906168","https://openalex.org/W1978991192","https://openalex.org/W1979059699","https://openalex.org/W1979603435","https://openalex.org/W1981065427","https://openalex.org/W1981098064","https://openalex.org/W1982827121","https://openalex.org/W1985500680","https://openalex.org/W1985578899","https://openalex.org/W1985657042","https://openalex.org/W1985837606","https://openalex.org/W1986214786","https://openalex.org/W1987392455","https://openalex.org/W1993264807","https://openalex.org/W1994021358","https://openalex.org/W1994576976","https://openalex.org/W1996638302","https://openalex.org/W1999792855","https://openalex.org/W2000569019","https://openalex.org/W2001334798","https://openalex.org/W2001896935","https://openalex.org/W2002118681","https://openalex.org/W2004991138","https://openalex.org/W2005269174","https://openalex.org/W2005840242","https://openalex.org/W2006475955","https://openalex.org/W2008164480","https://openalex.org/W2009197173","https://openalex.org/W2010191113","https://openalex.org/W2010421890","https://openalex.org/W2012601101","https://openalex.org/W2013828250","https://openalex.org/W2014481026","https://openalex.org/W2014606925","https://openalex.org/W2015298048","https://openalex.org/W2016033342","https://openalex.org/W2018739299","https://openalex.org/W2019227691","https://openalex.org/W2020159424","https://openalex.org/W2021261273","https://openalex.org/W2022233762","https://openalex.org/W2023196735","https://openalex.org/W2023318850","https://openalex.org/W2025263894","https://openalex.org/W2025497864","https://openalex.org/W2028543232","https://openalex.org/W2029396573","https://openalex.org/W2029409525","https://openalex.org/W2029476063","https://openalex.org/W2029879219","https://openalex.org/W2030033126","https://openalex.org/W2030385412","https://openalex.org/W2032284808","https://openalex.org/W2032307253","https://openalex.org/W2032687148","https://openalex.org/W2032926489","https://openalex.org/W2034267992","https://openalex.org/W2037017202","https://openalex.org/W2039209240","https://openalex.org/W2039732315","https://openalex.org/W2040879740","https://openalex.org/W2041762541","https://openalex.org/W2042562251","https://openalex.org/W2047304621","https://openalex.org/W2049547155","https://openalex.org/W2050537245","https://openalex.org/W2052486941","https://openalex.org/W2053285087","https://openalex.org/W2054520155","https://openalex.org/W2056540920","https://openalex.org/W2060588252","https://openalex.org/W2061087008","https://openalex.org/W2061284008","https://openalex.org/W2063167199","https://openalex.org/W2063749372","https://openalex.org/W2064896851","https://openalex.org/W2066016314","https://openalex.org/W2066942245","https://openalex.org/W2071189762","https://openalex.org/W2071751312","https://openalex.org/W2072393149","https://openalex.org/W2072779402","https://openalex.org/W2073346596","https://openalex.org/W2074402500","https://openalex.org/W2075927303","https://openalex.org/W2076140644","https://openalex.org/W2077135736","https://openalex.org/W2077919508","https://openalex.org/W2079142438","https://openalex.org/W2079370985","https://openalex.org/W2080842898","https://openalex.org/W2081245229","https://openalex.org/W2085291810","https://openalex.org/W2086458272","https://openalex.org/W2086560561","https://openalex.org/W2088495343","https://openalex.org/W2089793188","https://openalex.org/W2091309518","https://openalex.org/W2095693723","https://openalex.org/W2105294045","https://openalex.org/W2106108170","https://openalex.org/W2107251840","https://openalex.org/W2113895006","https://openalex.org/W2117365703","https://openalex.org/W2118930226","https://openalex.org/W2121338316","https://openalex.org/W2122026894","https://openalex.org/W2123174362","https://openalex.org/W2124572593","https://openalex.org/W2130421880","https://openalex.org/W2131586229","https://openalex.org/W2133248569","https://openalex.org/W2134680193","https://openalex.org/W2136682365","https://openalex.org/W2137569707","https://openalex.org/W2143850783","https://openalex.org/W2144974041","https://openalex.org/W2147502381","https://openalex.org/W2149744070","https://openalex.org/W2151361666","https://openalex.org/W2152449109","https://openalex.org/W2155599139","https://openalex.org/W2156969587","https://openalex.org/W2161197727","https://openalex.org/W2164060165","https://openalex.org/W2170170767","https://openalex.org/W2171706375","https://openalex.org/W2234130246","https://openalex.org/W2259589351","https://openalex.org/W2288785867","https://openalex.org/W2335782450","https://openalex.org/W2395585350","https://openalex.org/W2398177783","https://openalex.org/W2417415679","https://openalex.org/W2417785065","https://openalex.org/W2911423155","https://openalex.org/W4235676245","https://openalex.org/W4239019883","https://openalex.org/W4299657582","https://openalex.org/W4319293045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W254858275","https://openalex.org/W2082967796","https://openalex.org/W1485305560","https://openalex.org/W92217080","https://openalex.org/W2064854106","https://openalex.org/W186950973","https://openalex.org/W3150486400","https://openalex.org/W4256583949","https://openalex.org/W2141716990","https://openalex.org/W2089614115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"basal":[1],"ganglia":[2],"are":[3,21],"several":[4],"synaptically":[5],"interconnected":[6],"subcortical":[7],"structures":[8,39],"that":[9],"play":[10],"important":[11],"roles":[12],"in":[13,68,76],"regulating":[14],"various":[15],"aspects":[16],"of":[17,26],"psychomotor":[18],"behaviors,":[19],"and":[20,34,53,70,84,95],"central":[22],"to":[23],"the":[24,43,47,58,63,80,86,91],"pathophysiology":[25],"common":[27],"human":[28],"movement":[29],"disorders":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"Parkinson\u2019s":[33],"Huntington\u2019s":[35],"diseases":[36],"(PD/HD).":[37],"These":[38],"classically":[40],"include:":[41],"1)":[42],"striatum,":[44],"which":[45,61,89],"comprises":[46,90],"caudate":[48],"nucleus":[49,54,74,82],"(CD),":[50],"putamen":[51],"(PUT),":[52],"accumbens":[55],"(Acc);":[56],"2)":[57],"globus":[59,66],"pallidus,":[60],"includes":[62],"external":[64],"(GPe;":[65],"pallidus":[67],"nonprimates)":[69,77],"internal":[71],"(GPi;":[72],"entopeduncular":[73],"[EPN]":[75],"segments;":[78],"3)":[79],"subthalamic":[81],"(STN);":[83],"4)":[85],"substantia":[87],"nigra,":[88],"pars":[92,96],"compacta":[93],"(SNc)":[94],"reticulata":[97],"(SNr)":[98],"(Fig.":[99],"1).":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
