{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009550697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324147","title":"DARPA background clutter data collection experiment: excavation results","display_name":"DARPA background clutter data collection experiment: excavation results","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009550697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324147","mag":"2009550697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.324147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112026764","display_name":"Vivian George","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivian George","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walcoff and Associates (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walcoff and Associates (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006598925","display_name":"Thomas W. Altshuler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3149230897","display_name":"Institute For Defense Analyses","ror":"https://ror.org/00rh8m666","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3149230897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas W. Altshuler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Defense Analyses (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Defense Analyses (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3149230897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110051938","display_name":"Erik M. Rosen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3149230897","display_name":"Institute For Defense Analyses","ror":"https://ror.org/00rh8m666","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3149230897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik M. Rosen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Defense Analyses (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Defense Analyses (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3149230897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10921053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3392","issue":null,"first_page":"1000","last_page":"1000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12757","display_name":"Diverse Academia and Research Topics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmine-detection","display_name":"landmine detection","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unexploded-ordnance","display_name":"unexploded ordnance","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-clutter","display_name":"background clutter","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm-reduction","display_name":"false alarm reduction","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter-discrimination","display_name":"clutter discrimination","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetometer","display_name":"magnetometer","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-imaging","display_name":"infrared imaging","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-induction","display_name":"electromagnetic induction","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"ground penetrating radar","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-anomalies","display_name":"sensor anomalies","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excavation","display_name":"excavation","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fort-a-p-hill","display_name":"Fort A.P. Hill","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775977338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302880","display_name":"Unexploded ordnance","level":2,"score":0.9749473929405212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8835562467575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.6599823236465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6048097610473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5627627372741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.5486401915550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.535912811756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31858485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782","display_name":"Excavation","level":2,"score":0.49272778630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4610343277454376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153946474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333921","display_name":"Magnetometer","level":3,"score":0.4344828724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3987601101398468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30920541286468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2307409942150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10391482710838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.324147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975315360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978961355","https://openalex.org/W2500536151","https://openalex.org/W2586357427","https://openalex.org/W7045029728","https://openalex.org/W114736295","https://openalex.org/W758634074","https://openalex.org/W2075975646","https://openalex.org/W2013909972","https://openalex.org/W330721994","https://openalex.org/W278750196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"technologies":[1],"in":[2,124],"use":[3,7],"or":[4,141],"proposed":[5],"for":[6],"to":[8,36,65,188],"detect":[9],"landmines":[10,41],"and":[11,40,44,108,198],"unexploded":[12],"ordnance":[13],"(UXO)":[14],"suffer":[15],"from":[16,42,82,131],"unacceptably":[17],"high":[18,92],"false-alarm":[19,28],"rates,":[20],"even":[21],"at":[22,79,148],"modest":[23],"probabilities":[24],"of":[25,33,50,73,90,114,122,137,157,166,169,185,201],"detection.":[26],"High":[27],"rates":[29],"are":[30,76,128,134],"a":[31,119,135,167,174],"consequence":[32],"the":[34,51,71,88,100,115,125,154,164,186,190,194,199,202],"inability":[35],"discriminate":[37],"real":[38],"UXO":[39,81,140],"man-made":[43],"naturally":[45],"occurring":[46],"clutter.":[47],"The":[48,143],"goal":[49],"Defense":[52],"Advanced":[53],"Research":[54],"Project":[55],"Agency":[56],"(DARPA)-":[57],"sponsored":[58],"Background":[59],"Clutter":[60],"Data":[61],"Collection":[62],"Experiment":[63],"is":[64],"provide":[66],"data":[67,116,127,187],"which":[68],"will":[69],"support":[70],"development":[72],"techniques":[74],"that":[75,118,133],"more":[77],"adept":[78],"discriminating":[80],"benign,":[83],"man-":[84],"made":[85],"objects.":[86],"During":[87],"fall":[89],"1996,":[91],"areal":[93],"density":[94],"site":[95,147],"surveys":[96],"were":[97],"completed":[98],"using":[99],"following":[101],"sensor":[102,126,171],"types:":[103],"magnetometer,":[104],"infrared,":[105],"electromagnetic":[106],"induction,":[107],"ground-":[109],"penetrating":[110],"radar.":[111],"Preliminary":[112],"analysis":[113,184],"confirmed":[117],"large":[120],"number":[121,156],"anomalies":[123,132],"visually":[129],"indistinguishable":[130],"result":[136],"emplaced":[138],"inert":[139],"landmines.":[142],"Firing":[144],"Point":[145],"20":[146],"Fort":[149],"A.":[150],"P.":[151],"Hill":[152],"exhibits":[153],"largest":[155],"these":[158,170],"ordnance-":[159],"like":[160],"anomalies.":[161],"To":[162],"determine":[163,189],"source":[165],"subset":[168],"response":[172],"anomalies,":[173],"1-week":[175],"excavation":[176],"effort":[177],"was":[178],"conducted.":[179],"This":[180],"paper":[181],"presents":[182],"an":[183],"candidate":[191],"locations":[192],"for,":[193],"procedures":[195],"used":[196],"during,":[197],"results":[200],"excavation.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}