{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009535978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/24.3.351","title":"Treaty and Contract in Investment Arbitration","display_name":"Treaty and Contract in Investment Arbitration","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009535978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/24.3.351","mag":"2009535978"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/arbitration/24.3.351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/24.3.351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/24.3.351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124430719","display_name":"Arbitration International","issn_l":"0957-0411","issn":["0957-0411","1875-8398"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arbitration International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110173208","display_name":"James Crawford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["SC, FBA, LLD (Cantab)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SC, FBA, LLD (Cantab)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110173208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3323,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4382},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":94.8702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":288,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99947485,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"351","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12767","display_name":"Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14515","display_name":"International Law and Aviation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-arbitration","display_name":"investment arbitration","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-investment-treaties","display_name":"bilateral investment treaties","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contractual-claims","display_name":"contractual claims","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterclaim","display_name":"counterclaim","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/umbrella-clauses","display_name":"umbrella clauses","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legitimate-expectations","display_name":"legitimate expectations","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fair-and-equitable-treatment","display_name":"fair and equitable treatment","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrationism","display_name":"integrationism","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-investment-law","display_name":"international investment law","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160151201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207946","display_name":"Arbitration","level":2,"score":0.844825029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.7582367658615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7025943994522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131569","display_name":"Treaty","level":2,"score":0.7019417881965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6216180920600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5883783102035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5755153298377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5017788410186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4885903298854828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992823438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"International investment","level":3,"score":0.42967545986175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34906065464019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.324368953704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32207775115966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1263536512851715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.10747864842414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/arbitration/24.3.351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/24.3.351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/24.3.351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124430719","display_name":"Arbitration International","issn_l":"0957-0411","issn":["0957-0411","1875-8398"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arbitration International","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2279588562","https://openalex.org/W2564015034","https://openalex.org/W7198391015","https://openalex.org/W1999504749","https://openalex.org/W6997098876","https://openalex.org/W6908309937","https://openalex.org/W7140218544","https://openalex.org/W2624983369","https://openalex.org/W3124720373","https://openalex.org/W1602947008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,39],"article":[1],"addresses":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,46,70,83,89],"the":[5,13,31,37,44,51,63,68,81,87,90],"most":[6],"controversial":[7],"issues":[8],"in":[9,67,86],"international":[10,47],"investment":[11],"law:":[12],"relationship":[14],"between":[15],"BIT":[16],"claims":[17,75],"and":[18,34,59,76,80,92],"contractual":[19,74],"claims.":[20],"The":[21,57],"author":[22,52],"proposes":[23],"an":[24],"integrationist":[25],"approach,":[26],"which":[27,50],"seeks":[28],"to":[29],"reconcile":[30],"opposing":[32],"views":[33],"jurisprudence":[35],"on":[36,62],"subject.":[38],"approach":[40],"is":[41,65],"developed":[42],"within":[43],"framework":[45],"law,":[48],"from":[49],"distils":[53],"five":[54],"relevant":[55],"principles.":[56],"arbitral":[58],"academic":[60],"disagreement":[61],"topic":[64],"discussed":[66],"context":[69],"three":[71],"different":[72],"fields:":[73],"counter-claims,":[77],"umbrella":[78],"clauses,":[79],"role":[82],"legitimate":[84],"expectations":[85],"application":[88],"fair":[91],"equitable":[93],"treatment":[94],"standard.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
