{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009440331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200210000-00025","title":"Douching in Relation to Bacterial Vaginosis, Lactobacilli, and Facultative Bacteria in the Vagina","display_name":"Douching in Relation to Bacterial Vaginosis, Lactobacilli, and Facultative Bacteria in the Vagina","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009440331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200210000-00025","mag":"2009440331","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12383547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00006250-200210000-00025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200210000-00025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200210000-00025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139838620","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","issn_l":"0029-7844","issn":["0029-7844","1873-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108542556","display_name":"Roberta B. Ness","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberta B. Ness","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017547539","display_name":"Sharon L. Hillier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4192-7481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4192-7481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon L. Hillier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042545493","display_name":"Holly Elizabeth Richter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7741-5771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7741-5771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holly E. Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","(University of Alabama)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Alabama)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009915416","display_name":"David E. Soper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-4934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-4934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Soper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","Medical University of South Carolina;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086897631","display_name":"Carol A. Stamm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Stamm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029982665","display_name":"James McGregor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-306X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-306X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James McGregor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013461846","display_name":"Debra C. Bass","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debra C. Bass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113659859","display_name":"Richard L. Sweet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard L. Sweet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111371099","display_name":"Peter A. Rice","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801983979","display_name":"Denver Health Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01fbz6h17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Rice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","Boston University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801983979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Boston Medical Center, Maxwell Finland Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108542556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081","https://openalex.org/I153297377","https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I2801983979","https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7494,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":240,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98307016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"4","first_page":"765","last_page":"772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11589","display_name":"Gynecological conditions and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/douching","display_name":"douching","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-vaginosis","display_name":"bacterial vaginosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-microbiota","display_name":"vaginal microbiota","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactobacilli","display_name":"lactobacilli","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gardnerella-vaginalis","display_name":"Gardnerella vaginalis","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycoplasma-hominis","display_name":"Mycoplasma hominis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neisseria-gonorrhoeae","display_name":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlamydia-trachomatis","display_name":"Chlamydia trachomatis","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gonococcal-cervicitis","display_name":"gonococcal cervicitis","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlamydial-cervicitis","display_name":"chlamydial cervicitis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexually-transmitted-infections","display_name":"sexually transmitted infections","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-hygiene","display_name":"vaginal hygiene","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779952448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804521","display_name":"Bacterial vaginosis","level":2,"score":0.9688863754272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2463884","display_name":"Cervicitis","level":2,"score":0.7478132843971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7225618362426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780018483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127375","display_name":"Gardnerella vaginalis","level":3,"score":0.664891242980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777744392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5880","display_name":"Vagina","level":2,"score":0.6242183446884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537478","display_name":"Vaginal flora","level":3,"score":0.6203235983848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676191","display_name":"Vaginitis","level":2,"score":0.6100603342056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779186046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616475","display_name":"Mycoplasma hominis","level":3,"score":0.6026342511177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131065","display_name":"Chlamydia trachomatis","level":2,"score":0.5770159363746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930909","display_name":"Mycoplasma genitalium","level":3,"score":0.5710402131080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205501099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188990","display_name":"Gram staining","level":3,"score":0.5416333079338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776393945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778502","display_name":"Vaginal discharge","level":2,"score":0.48861414194107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.48308685421943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777700855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18211693","display_name":"Vaginal disease","level":3,"score":0.4539865553379059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.4360136091709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781114625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132595","display_name":"Trichomonas vaginalis","level":2,"score":0.42760375142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.4259111285209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778838687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210975","display_name":"Mycoplasma","level":2,"score":0.26659196615219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15360406041145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.08093476295471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.06621527671813965}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002575","descriptor_name":"Uterine Cervicitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002575","descriptor_name":"Uterine Cervicitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007507","descriptor_name":"Therapeutic Irrigation","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007778","descriptor_name":"Lactobacillus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014621","descriptor_name":"Vagina","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016585","descriptor_name":"Vaginosis, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016585","descriptor_name":"Vaginosis, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00006250-200210000-00025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200210000-00025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200210000-00025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139838620","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","issn_l":"0029-7844","issn":["0029-7844","1873-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02184-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02184-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02184-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139838620","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","issn_l":"0029-7844","issn":["0029-7844","1873-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12383547","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12383547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and gynecology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5302757460","display_name":"DOUCHING, VAGINAL MICROBIOLOGY, AND PID","funder_award_id":"R01AI044151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G779652199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI44151-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140480060","https://openalex.org/W1577151431","https://openalex.org/W1862502564","https://openalex.org/W1868667984","https://openalex.org/W1954567558","https://openalex.org/W1980990323","https://openalex.org/W1984087116","https://openalex.org/W1987881121","https://openalex.org/W1988227543","https://openalex.org/W1990122644","https://openalex.org/W1999595869","https://openalex.org/W2004783933","https://openalex.org/W2022056287","https://openalex.org/W2023012129","https://openalex.org/W2024782683","https://openalex.org/W2029103149","https://openalex.org/W2037178670","https://openalex.org/W2037879955","https://openalex.org/W2038219899","https://openalex.org/W2046180638","https://openalex.org/W2052414803","https://openalex.org/W2055959678","https://openalex.org/W2061999212","https://openalex.org/W2071198716","https://openalex.org/W2076916272","https://openalex.org/W2097846544","https://openalex.org/W2114629982","https://openalex.org/W2116864763","https://openalex.org/W2131274893","https://openalex.org/W2132315937","https://openalex.org/W2146968267","https://openalex.org/W2411738788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982700617","https://openalex.org/W2003276987","https://openalex.org/W2278481779","https://openalex.org/W2619035514","https://openalex.org/W3130453335","https://openalex.org/W2522140281","https://openalex.org/W2038250792","https://openalex.org/W6944184065","https://openalex.org/W2131274893","https://openalex.org/W7014954807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"study":[2],"how":[3],"frequency,":[4],"recentness,":[5],"and":[6,15,68,77,84,133,152,157,169,197],"reason":[7],"for":[8,49,73,81,125,134,183],"douching":[9,151,168],"impact":[10],"bacterial":[11,26,101,145,170,195,198],"vaginosis-related":[12],"vaginal":[13,69,200],"microflora":[14],"the":[16,60],"occurrence":[17],"of":[18,43,100,159],"cervical":[19],"pathogens.":[20],"Douching":[21,88,124,182],"has":[22],"been":[23],"linked":[24],"to":[25,31,144,165],"vaginosis":[27,146,196],"as":[28,30],"well":[29],"chlamydial":[32,174,207],"cervicitis":[33,175],"in":[34],"some,":[35],"but":[36,202],"not":[37,177,203],"all,":[38],"studies.":[39],"METHODS:":[40],"A":[41],"total":[42],"1200":[44],"women":[45],"at":[46,89,111],"high":[47],"risk":[48,113],"sexually":[50],"transmitted":[51],"infections":[52],"were":[53,66,71,110,163],"enrolled":[54],"from":[55],"five":[56],"clinical":[57],"sites":[58],"around":[59],"United":[61],"States.":[62],"Cross-sectional,":[63],"structured":[64],"interviews":[65],"conducted":[67],"swabs":[70],"self-obtained":[72],"Gram":[74],"stain,":[75],"culture,":[76],"DNA":[78],"amplification":[79],"tests":[80],"Neisseria":[82],"gonorrhoeae":[83],"Chlamydia":[85],"trachomatis.":[86],"RESULTS:":[87],"least":[90],"once":[91],"per":[92],"month":[93],"was":[94,176,192],"associated":[95,178,193],"with":[96,179,194,204],"an":[97],"increased":[98],"frequency":[99],"vaginosis.":[102,171],"Those":[103],"who":[104],"douched":[105],"recently":[106],"(within":[107],"7":[108],"days)":[109],"highest":[112],"[odds":[114],"ratio":[115],"(OR)":[116],"2.1,":[117],"95%":[118,129,138],"confidence":[119],"interval":[120],"(CI)":[121],"1.3,":[122,137],"3.1].":[123],"symptoms":[126,184],"(OR":[127,136],"1.7,":[128],"CI":[130,139],"1.1,":[131],"2.6)":[132],"hygiene":[135],"1.0,":[140],"1.9)":[141],"both":[142],"related":[143],"risk.":[147],"The":[148],"associations":[149],"between":[150,167],"Gardnerella":[153],"vaginalis,":[154],"Mycoplasma":[155],"hominis,":[156],"lack":[158],"hydrogen":[160],"peroxide-producing":[161],"lactobacilli":[162],"similar":[164],"those":[166],"Gonococcal":[172],"or":[173,185,189,206],"douching.":[180],"CONCLUSION:":[181],"hygiene,":[186],"particularly":[187],"frequent":[188],"recent":[190],"douching,":[191],"vaginosis-associated":[199],"microflora,":[201],"gonococcal":[205],"cervicitis.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
