{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009343153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0036","title":"Estrogen Therapy and Cognition: A Review of the Cholinergic Hypothesis","display_name":"Estrogen Therapy and Cognition: A Review of the Cholinergic Hypothesis","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009343153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0036","mag":"2009343153","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20019127","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2852210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1210/er.2009-0036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0036","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-pdf/31/2/224/10334765/edrv0224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13493133","display_name":"Endocrine Reviews","issn_l":"0163-769X","issn":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrine Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-pdf/31/2/224/10334765/edrv0224.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109991292","display_name":"Robert B. Gibbs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Gibbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261","University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109991292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3914,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":216,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90775401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"224","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10756","display_name":"Estrogen and related hormone effects","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12023","display_name":"Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrogen-therapy","display_name":"estrogen therapy","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-hypothesis","display_name":"cholinergic hypothesis","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmenopausal-women","display_name":"postmenopausal women","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-aging","display_name":"brain aging","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrogen-receptor","display_name":"estrogen receptor","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampus","display_name":"hippocampus","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-period-hypothesis","display_name":"critical period hypothesis","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-cognitive-impairment","display_name":"mild cognitive impairment","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visuospatial-attention","display_name":"visuospatial attention","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ovarian-function","display_name":"ovarian function","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroplasticity","display_name":"neuroplasticity","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood-and-cognition","display_name":"mood and cognition","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277954","display_name":"Estrogen","level":2,"score":0.6550427675247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22885893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743","display_name":"Cholinergic","level":2,"score":0.5988752245903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5902723073959351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5240764021873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4648515284061432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020211606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3354346","display_name":"Estrogen replacement therapy","level":3,"score":0.4235779345035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3354346","display_name":"Estrogen therapy","level":3,"score":0.4197845458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35508424043655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2911672294139862}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004967","descriptor_name":"Estrogens","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004967","descriptor_name":"Estrogens","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015914","descriptor_name":"Estrogen Replacement Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016548","descriptor_name":"Prosencephalon","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018678","descriptor_name":"Cholinergic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1210/er.2009-0036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0036","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-pdf/31/2/224/10334765/edrv0224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13493133","display_name":"Endocrine Reviews","issn_l":"0163-769X","issn":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrine Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2077705","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2852210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2852210","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2852210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocr Rev","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20019127","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20019127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrine reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1210/er.2009-0036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0036","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-pdf/31/2/224/10334765/edrv0224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13493133","display_name":"Endocrine Reviews","issn_l":"0163-769X","issn":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrine Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310174","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311597","display_name":"Duquesne University","ror":"https://ror.org/02336z538"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334073","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009343153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009343153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":313,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8541533","https://openalex.org/W21063919","https://openalex.org/W52568665","https://openalex.org/W64392749","https://openalex.org/W85419594","https://openalex.org/W95949650","https://openalex.org/W611844837","https://openalex.org/W988313497","https://openalex.org/W1481105901","https://openalex.org/W1487315008","https://openalex.org/W1498139421","https://openalex.org/W1513219251","https://openalex.org/W1516658808","https://openalex.org/W1568846898","https://openalex.org/W1593442063","https://openalex.org/W1604732034","https://openalex.org/W1635321914","https://openalex.org/W1675693161","https://openalex.org/W1794533855","https://openalex.org/W1808137900","https://openalex.org/W1808478632","https://openalex.org/W1898269608","https://openalex.org/W1899274055","https://openalex.org/W1923969306","https://openalex.org/W1939101754","https://openalex.org/W1939360364","https://openalex.org/W1964606698","https://openalex.org/W1964704545","https://openalex.org/W1966069671","https://openalex.org/W1970085552","https://openalex.org/W1970182701","https://openalex.org/W1970225606","https://openalex.org/W1970498227","https://openalex.org/W1972153963","https://openalex.org/W1972514500","https://openalex.org/W1972520826","https://openalex.org/W1973023891","https://openalex.org/W1973334224","https://openalex.org/W1974355951","https://openalex.org/W1975829688","https://openalex.org/W1977230392","https://openalex.org/W1977598790","https://openalex.org/W1977862283","https://openalex.org/W1978502630","https://openalex.org/W1978543883","https://openalex.org/W1978707408","https://openalex.org/W1979455727","https://openalex.org/W1981331047","https://openalex.org/W1981467972","https://openalex.org/W1982708468","https://openalex.org/W1983282794","https://openalex.org/W1984242980","https://openalex.org/W1984484730","https://openalex.org/W1984727997","https://openalex.org/W1985033275","https://openalex.org/W1985490417","https://openalex.org/W1985927343","https://openalex.org/W1986022691","https://openalex.org/W1986270429","https://openalex.org/W1986609940","https://openalex.org/W1988633109","https://openalex.org/W1989203617","https://openalex.org/W1990468088","https://openalex.org/W1990547324","https://openalex.org/W1990697121","https://openalex.org/W1990709814","https://openalex.org/W1991033366","https://openalex.org/W1992713777","https://openalex.org/W1994127157","https://openalex.org/W1994938162","https://openalex.org/W1995051006","https://openalex.org/W1995055473","https://openalex.org/W1995781603","https://openalex.org/W1997132928","https://openalex.org/W1998518744","https://openalex.org/W1999771234","https://openalex.org/W1999924570","https://openalex.org/W2000664790","https://openalex.org/W2002090514","https://openalex.org/W2002140984","https://openalex.org/W2002297740","https://openalex.org/W2003754617","https://openalex.org/W2004584009","https://openalex.org/W2004635171","https://openalex.org/W2005016581","https://openalex.org/W2005139532","https://openalex.org/W2005602845","https://openalex.org/W2005994343","https://openalex.org/W2006377495","https://openalex.org/W2006676199","https://openalex.org/W2006862797","https://openalex.org/W2008372729","https://openalex.org/W2010351278","https://openalex.org/W2012042221","https://openalex.org/W2012094333","https://openalex.org/W2012275070","https://openalex.org/W2012776040","https://openalex.org/W2013854477","https://openalex.org/W2013907415","https://openalex.org/W2013980291","https://openalex.org/W2014746742","https://openalex.org/W2016231653","https://openalex.org/W2017181431","https://openalex.org/W2017809151","https://openalex.org/W2018384424","https://openalex.org/W2019443766","https://openalex.org/W2020011559","https://openalex.org/W2020389344","https://openalex.org/W2022508263","https://openalex.org/W2023495537","https://openalex.org/W2024005650","https://openalex.org/W2024506144","https://openalex.org/W2026745182","https://openalex.org/W2026838410","https://openalex.org/W2027010243","https://openalex.org/W2027429481","https://openalex.org/W2027657101","https://openalex.org/W2027739159","https://openalex.org/W2027923831","https://openalex.org/W2028127185","https://openalex.org/W2028893107","https://openalex.org/W2029752698","https://openalex.org/W2029817026","https://openalex.org/W2030193511","https://openalex.org/W2030620251","https://openalex.org/W2030798411","https://openalex.org/W2032843033","https://openalex.org/W2034315250","https://openalex.org/W2034627732","https://openalex.org/W2034783116","https://openalex.org/W2035685439","https://openalex.org/W2036694393","https://openalex.org/W2036925182","https://openalex.org/W2037641328","https://openalex.org/W2038127485","https://openalex.org/W2038166770","https://openalex.org/W2040340862","https://openalex.org/W2040361910","https://openalex.org/W2041018937","https://openalex.org/W2041689445","https://openalex.org/W2041730325","https://openalex.org/W2043339734","https://openalex.org/W2043812087","https://openalex.org/W2044241508","https://openalex.org/W2045621697","https://openalex.org/W2046137253","https://openalex.org/W2047218252","https://openalex.org/W2047248917","https://openalex.org/W2047349398","https://openalex.org/W2048310604","https://openalex.org/W2048769853","https://openalex.org/W2049932034","https://openalex.org/W2050682115","https://openalex.org/W2051508791","https://openalex.org/W2052436428","https://openalex.org/W2053363857","https://openalex.org/W2053817786","https://openalex.org/W2054091180","https://openalex.org/W2054304954","https://openalex.org/W2054339986","https://openalex.org/W2054420201","https://openalex.org/W2056695794","https://openalex.org/W2056745382","https://openalex.org/W2057050199","https://openalex.org/W2057235494","https://openalex.org/W2058333810","https://openalex.org/W2058467798","https://openalex.org/W2058543084","https://openalex.org/W2059381857","https://openalex.org/W2059601159","https://openalex.org/W2060080453","https://openalex.org/W2061506859","https://openalex.org/W2061664301","https://openalex.org/W2061800243","https://openalex.org/W2063566800","https://openalex.org/W2064111465","https://openalex.org/W2064200220","https://openalex.org/W2065067523","https://openalex.org/W2065233722","https://openalex.org/W2065875615","https://openalex.org/W2066113503","https://openalex.org/W2066558048","https://openalex.org/W2068784646","https://openalex.org/W2068972835","https://openalex.org/W2069557943","https://openalex.org/W2069566702","https://openalex.org/W2069874147","https://openalex.org/W2070218253","https://openalex.org/W2070752385","https://openalex.org/W2071237749","https://openalex.org/W2071273368","https://openalex.org/W2072348823","https://openalex.org/W2072716385","https://openalex.org/W2073279884","https://openalex.org/W2073353512","https://openalex.org/W2073640827","https://openalex.org/W2074265911","https://openalex.org/W2074744143","https://openalex.org/W2075133445","https://openalex.org/W2075625163","https://openalex.org/W2075832251","https://openalex.org/W2076133150","https://openalex.org/W2076433885","https://openalex.org/W2076908209","https://openalex.org/W2079355929","https://openalex.org/W2080344095","https://openalex.org/W2081600248","https://openalex.org/W2081732242","https://openalex.org/W2081898812","https://openalex.org/W2083752668","https://openalex.org/W2083871065","https://openalex.org/W2084991109","https://openalex.org/W2087257549","https://openalex.org/W2089089128","https://openalex.org/W2089284266","https://openalex.org/W2089531958","https://openalex.org/W2090058810","https://openalex.org/W2090683094","https://openalex.org/W2090724400","https://openalex.org/W2090813996","https://openalex.org/W2092184448","https://openalex.org/W2092194262","https://openalex.org/W2093374391","https://openalex.org/W2094089394","https://openalex.org/W2095049087","https://openalex.org/W2095542149","https://openalex.org/W2096064131","https://openalex.org/W2096240659","https://openalex.org/W2096347010","https://openalex.org/W2100271408","https://openalex.org/W2100695238","https://openalex.org/W2102889645","https://openalex.org/W2103715310","https://openalex.org/W2104227586","https://openalex.org/W2104260362","https://openalex.org/W2107069925","https://openalex.org/W2108630749","https://openalex.org/W2109604938","https://openalex.org/W2110330793","https://openalex.org/W2110550793","https://openalex.org/W2110765139","https://openalex.org/W2111727127","https://openalex.org/W2111811285","https://openalex.org/W2113460545","https://openalex.org/W2114490924","https://openalex.org/W2116344581","https://openalex.org/W2117022355","https://openalex.org/W2117120152","https://openalex.org/W2117602683","https://openalex.org/W2119418338","https://openalex.org/W2119691301","https://openalex.org/W2120466655","https://openalex.org/W2120770581","https://openalex.org/W2122015809","https://openalex.org/W2123035989","https://openalex.org/W2123816408","https://openalex.org/W2127673211","https://openalex.org/W2128007559","https://openalex.org/W2128453973","https://openalex.org/W2129789527","https://openalex.org/W2131266318","https://openalex.org/W2131999144","https://openalex.org/W2132489993","https://openalex.org/W2134631162","https://openalex.org/W2134906284","https://openalex.org/W2136011008","https://openalex.org/W2137681063","https://openalex.org/W2142142953","https://openalex.org/W2143615603","https://openalex.org/W2145865543","https://openalex.org/W2146126584","https://openalex.org/W2146523165","https://openalex.org/W2146593685","https://openalex.org/W2146595381","https://openalex.org/W2147863922","https://openalex.org/W2148944193","https://openalex.org/W2149348857","https://openalex.org/W2150633281","https://openalex.org/W2150841738","https://openalex.org/W2151012090","https://openalex.org/W2151554847","https://openalex.org/W2151968717","https://openalex.org/W2152777736","https://openalex.org/W2156275187","https://openalex.org/W2156616501","https://openalex.org/W2156831074","https://openalex.org/W2157774774","https://openalex.org/W2158024903","https://openalex.org/W2159006998","https://openalex.org/W2160604373","https://openalex.org/W2161185871","https://openalex.org/W2161695527","https://openalex.org/W2162827409","https://openalex.org/W2164589456","https://openalex.org/W2165031188","https://openalex.org/W2169944173","https://openalex.org/W2171776741","https://openalex.org/W2171934036","https://openalex.org/W2172257031","https://openalex.org/W2228002494","https://openalex.org/W2239081232","https://openalex.org/W2257257171","https://openalex.org/W2301188068","https://openalex.org/W2323085480","https://openalex.org/W2406885590","https://openalex.org/W2771508756","https://openalex.org/W2946239442","https://openalex.org/W3022893628","https://openalex.org/W4232174123","https://openalex.org/W4238481893","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6668230400","https://openalex.org/W7099104111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005994166","https://openalex.org/W2055090365","https://openalex.org/W928391995","https://openalex.org/W3008203686","https://openalex.org/W1488984763","https://openalex.org/W4248543055","https://openalex.org/W2084915564","https://openalex.org/W1995781603","https://openalex.org/W1989643757","https://openalex.org/W2325815202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,350,381],"pros":[1],"and":[2,39,48,52,66,68,82,110,132,135,145,162,164,191,267,298,339,347,375,389],"cons":[3],"of":[4,18,23,33,72,90,105,154,157,185,195,251,264,278,303,341,352,357,383],"estrogen":[5,34,186,217,385],"therapy":[6,35,187],"for":[7,42,242,336],"use":[8,243],"in":[9,20,130,146,201,204,213,228,244,274,283,332],"postmenopausal":[10,246],"women":[11,247],"continue":[12],"to":[13,114,140,169,210,216,321,329],"be":[14,237],"a":[15,199,238],"major":[16],"topic":[17],"debate":[19,25],"women's":[21],"health.Much":[22],"this":[24,220],"focuses":[26,94],"on":[27,36,63,95,100,107,159,219,295,306,314,324,372,391],"the":[28,37,40,70,91,96,121,155,183,214,337,358,363],"potential":[29],"benefits":[30],"vs.":[31],"harm":[32],"brain":[38,64,108],"risks":[41],"cognitive":[43,165,253],"impairment":[44],"associated":[45],"with":[46,116,142,148,174,189,230,248,345],"aging":[47,65,109],"Alzheimer's":[49,149,287],"disease.Many":[50],"animal":[51],"human":[53],"studies":[54,179,271,292],"suggest":[55,181],"that":[56,86,102,152,182,224],"estrogens":[57,106,158],"can":[58],"have":[59,79,84],"significant":[60],"beneficial":[61,103],"effects":[62,104,156,390],"cognition":[67,111],"reduce":[69],"risk":[71],"Alzheimer's-related":[73],"dementia;":[74],"however,":[75,178],"others":[76],"disagree.Important":[77],"discoveries":[78],"been":[80],"made,":[81],"hypotheses":[83],"emerged":[85],"may":[87,236],"explain":[88],"some":[89],"inconsistencies.This":[92],"review":[93],"cholinergic":[97,117,124,176,207],"hypothesis,":[98],"specifically":[99],"evidence":[101,250],"are":[112,167],"related":[113,168],"interactions":[115,173],"projections":[118,125],"emanating":[119],"from":[120],"basal":[122,205],"forebrain.These":[123],"play":[126],"an":[127,231],"important":[128],"role":[129,382],"learning":[131],"attentional":[133],"processes,":[134],"their":[136],"function":[137,163,208],"is":[138],"known":[139],"decline":[141],"advanced":[143],"age":[144,190],"association":[147],"disease.Evidence":[150],"suggests":[151],"many":[153],"neuronal":[160],"plasticity":[161],"performance":[166,331],"or":[170],"rely":[171],"upon":[172],"these":[175],"projections;":[177],"also":[180],"effectiveness":[184],"decreases":[188],"time":[192],"after":[193],"loss":[194],"ovarian":[196],"function.We":[197],"propose":[198,223],"model":[200],"which":[202],"deficits":[203],"forebrain":[206],"contribute":[209],"age-related":[211],"changes":[212],"response":[215],"therapy.Based":[218],"model,":[221],"we":[222],"cholinergic-enhancing":[225],"drugs,":[226],"used":[227],"combination":[229],"appropriate":[232],"estrogencontaining":[233],"drug":[234],"regimen,":[235],"viable":[239],"therapeutic":[240],"strategy":[241],"older":[245],"early":[249],"mild":[252],"decline.(Endocrine":[254],"Reviews":[255],"31:":[256],"224":[257],"-253,":[258],"2010)":[259],"I.":[260],"Introduction":[261],"II.The":[262],"Neurobiology":[263],"Cognition":[265,268],"III.Estrogens":[266],"A.":[269,286,327,349,378],"Animal":[270],"B.":[272,289,380],"Studies":[273],"humans":[275,333],"IV.The":[276],"Role":[277],"Basal":[279,307,315],"Forebrain":[280,308,316],"Cholinergic":[281,290,309,317,355,364,373],"Neurons":[282],"Cognitive":[284,325,342,376],"Performance":[285,326,377],"disease":[288],"lesion":[291],"C.":[293,387],"Effects":[294,302,313,323,371],"visuospatial":[296],"attention":[297],"stimulus":[299],"processing":[300],"V.":[301],"Estrogen":[304,322,370],"Therapy":[305,335],"Function":[310,374],"VI.Evidence":[311],"That":[312],"Projections":[318],"Are":[319],"Relevant":[320],"Relevance":[328],"navigational":[330],"VII.Estrogen":[334],"Prevention":[338],"Treatment":[340],"Decline":[343],"Associated":[344],"Aging":[346],"AD":[348],"importance":[351],"timing":[353],"VIII.The":[354],"Basis":[356],"Critical":[359],"Period":[360],"Hypothesis":[361,365],"IX.Testing":[362],"X.":[366],"Cellular":[367],"Mechanisms":[368],"Underlying":[369],"Hippocampus":[379],"specific":[384],"receptors":[386],"Mood/affect":[388],"monoamines":[392],"XI.":[393]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
