{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009237657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.106.1.58","title":"Search behavior in various breeds of adult dogs (Canis familiaris): Object permanence and olfactory cues.","display_name":"Search behavior in various breeds of adult dogs (Canis familiaris): Object permanence and olfactory cues.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009237657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.106.1.58","mag":"2009237657","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1365009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0735-7036.106.1.58","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.106.1.58","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.106.1.58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393913072","display_name":"Journal of comparative psychology","issn_l":"0093-4127","issn":["0093-4127","0735-7036","1939-2087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105286765","display_name":"Sylvain Gagnon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvain Gagnon","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Laval, \u00c9cole de Psychologie, Quebec, PQ, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Laval, \u00c9cole de Psychologie, Quebec, PQ, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104993331","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Y. Dor\u00e9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Y. Dor\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":128,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94943165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"1","first_page":"58","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.25850000977516174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-permanence","display_name":"object permanence","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dogs","display_name":"dogs","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dog-breeds","display_name":"dog breeds","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invisible-displacement","display_name":"invisible displacement","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-cues","display_name":"olfactory cues","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odor-masking","display_name":"odor masking","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-behavior","display_name":"search behavior","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terriers","display_name":"terriers","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-dogs","display_name":"working dogs","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-representation","display_name":"visual representation","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779557943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149892","display_name":"Canis","level":2,"score":0.6835591793060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6713754534721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778916471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485537","display_name":"Odor","level":2,"score":0.6124975681304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5752480626106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992437137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Olfactory cues","level":3,"score":0.5523852705955505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22304111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417978","display_name":"Object permanence","level":4,"score":0.5473662614822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.485821008682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43058010935783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.4285741150379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.41136372089385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163214680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541064","display_name":"Olfaction","level":2,"score":0.37920844554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.34381943941116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3206777572631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30191129446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24290242791175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20180171728134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16028359532356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1340159773826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0932980477809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140441792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910672","display_name":"Cognitive development","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004285","descriptor_name":"Dogs","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004285","descriptor_name":"Dogs","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004285","descriptor_name":"Dogs","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012903","descriptor_name":"Smell","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012903","descriptor_name":"Smell","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012903","descriptor_name":"Smell","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0735-7036.106.1.58","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.106.1.58","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.106.1.58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393913072","display_name":"Journal of comparative psychology","issn_l":"0093-4127","issn":["0093-4127","0735-7036","1939-2087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0735-7036.106.1.58","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.106.1.58","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.106.1.58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393913072","display_name":"Journal of comparative psychology","issn_l":"0093-4127","issn":["0093-4127","0735-7036","1939-2087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1365009","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1365009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W594731308","https://openalex.org/W657730630","https://openalex.org/W1545944166","https://openalex.org/W1948458767","https://openalex.org/W1968257732","https://openalex.org/W1972967112","https://openalex.org/W1975518229","https://openalex.org/W2002906589","https://openalex.org/W2027074310","https://openalex.org/W2028206574","https://openalex.org/W2038655931","https://openalex.org/W2041266432","https://openalex.org/W2041352741","https://openalex.org/W2045075265","https://openalex.org/W2045396466","https://openalex.org/W2046528572","https://openalex.org/W2051310292","https://openalex.org/W2054857264","https://openalex.org/W2056027109","https://openalex.org/W2070340135","https://openalex.org/W2077297264","https://openalex.org/W2082118580","https://openalex.org/W2090800694","https://openalex.org/W2102500903","https://openalex.org/W2144490894","https://openalex.org/W2160786171","https://openalex.org/W2323562100","https://openalex.org/W3142583136","https://openalex.org/W4248130645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071022740","https://openalex.org/W7131233034","https://openalex.org/W2074091674","https://openalex.org/W2531413391","https://openalex.org/W2075363234","https://openalex.org/W2023722642","https://openalex.org/W7070522645","https://openalex.org/W2150147578","https://openalex.org/W2072447944","https://openalex.org/W2094324470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"analog":[1],"tests":[2,57,99],"of":[3,11,22,109,111,119,123],"object":[4,77,137],"permanence":[5],"were":[6,58,63,82,85,104],"administered":[7],"to":[8],"various":[9],"breeds":[10],"adult":[12],"dogs":[13,27],"(Canis":[14],"familiaris).":[15],"Experiment":[16,70],"1":[17],"showed":[18],"that":[19,89,101,133],"the":[20,49,75,79,107,117],"performance":[21,39],"terriers,":[23],"sporting,":[24],"and":[25,78,100],"working":[26],"did":[28],"not":[29],"differ.":[30],"Dogs":[31,127],"succeeded":[32],"in":[33,43,93,96],"solving":[34],"invisible":[35,55,94],"displacement":[36,45,56,67,98],"problems,":[37],"but":[38],"was":[40,91],"lower":[41,92],"than":[42,95,115],"visible":[44,66,97],"tests.":[46,68],"Familiarity":[47],"with":[48,130],"task":[50],"had":[51],"some":[52],"influence":[53],"because":[54],"more":[59],"successful":[60],"if":[61],"they":[62],"preceded":[64],"by":[65],"In":[69],"2,":[71],"odor":[72],"cues":[73,121],"from":[74],"target":[76],"hiding":[80],"screens":[81],"available":[83],"or":[84,122],"masked.":[86],"Results":[87],"confirmed":[88],"success":[90],"these":[102],"problems":[103],"solved":[105],"on":[106,116],"basis":[108,118],"representation":[110],"visual":[112],"information":[113],"rather":[114],"olfactory":[120],"local":[124],"rule":[125],"learning.":[126],"are":[128],"compared":[129],"other":[131],"species":[132],"display":[134],"Stage":[135],"6":[136],"permanence.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}