{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009205509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900051","title":"Mesoscale eddies, satellite altimetry, and new production in the Sargasso Sea","display_name":"Mesoscale eddies, satellite altimetry, and new production in the Sargasso Sea","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009205509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900051","mag":"2009205509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/1999jc900051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015835735","display_name":"David A. Siegel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-3055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-3055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Siegel","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Univ. Santa Barbara, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Univ. Santa Barbara, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020015241","display_name":"Dennis J. McGillicuddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-2425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-2425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis J. McGillicuddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute MA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058868543","display_name":"Erik A. Fields","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0626-1669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0626-1669"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik A. Fields","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":290,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99528594,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"C6","first_page":"13359","last_page":"13379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesoscale-eddies","display_name":"mesoscale eddies","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-pumping","display_name":"eddy pumping","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-production","display_name":"new production","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sargasso-sea","display_name":"Sargasso Sea","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-level-anomalies","display_name":"sea level anomalies","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baroclinic-modes","display_name":"baroclinic modes","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isopycnal-displacement","display_name":"isopycnal displacement","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-supply","display_name":"nutrient supply","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euphotic-zone","display_name":"euphotic zone","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fluxes","display_name":"nitrogen fluxes","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fixation","display_name":"nitrogen fixation","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108699882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738295","display_name":"Isopycnal","level":2,"score":0.9334340691566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40382383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399824","display_name":"Mesoscale meteorology","level":2,"score":0.6705111265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86839594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579649","display_name":"Photic zone","level":4,"score":0.6589415073394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179065325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994122","display_name":"Eddy","level":3,"score":0.6518768072128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6258031129837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76256466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182468","display_name":"Hydrography","level":2,"score":0.5498469471931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142672198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7076157","display_name":"Sea-surface height","level":3,"score":0.5036870837211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128963330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478740","display_name":"Pycnocline","level":2,"score":0.47555917501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35187779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5336709","display_name":"Eddy covariance","level":3,"score":0.415394127368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39665741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7016478","display_name":"New production","level":4,"score":0.4140247106552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3273117","display_name":"Boundary current","level":3,"score":0.4126332402229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.39294224977493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.36684155464172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3471977114677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187599188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129558","display_name":"Ocean current","level":2,"score":0.29731810092926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.21420270204544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.161837637424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.11896389722824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09433332085609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.08060750365257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/1999jc900051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.800000011920929}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67812752","https://openalex.org/W183628044","https://openalex.org/W344835664","https://openalex.org/W593145596","https://openalex.org/W1543106668","https://openalex.org/W1543383288","https://openalex.org/W1561851527","https://openalex.org/W1580466074","https://openalex.org/W1645950804","https://openalex.org/W1963586203","https://openalex.org/W1964208519","https://openalex.org/W1967020093","https://openalex.org/W1975249729","https://openalex.org/W1976094605","https://openalex.org/W1976628086","https://openalex.org/W1979686951","https://openalex.org/W1980033717","https://openalex.org/W1983896026","https://openalex.org/W1984419563","https://openalex.org/W1984968406","https://openalex.org/W1989792156","https://openalex.org/W1992224726","https://openalex.org/W1992596236","https://openalex.org/W1994805030","https://openalex.org/W1995863362","https://openalex.org/W1996912616","https://openalex.org/W2001982365","https://openalex.org/W2002198362","https://openalex.org/W2011816743","https://openalex.org/W2013400334","https://openalex.org/W2014207813","https://openalex.org/W2022051427","https://openalex.org/W2022361205","https://openalex.org/W2024431874","https://openalex.org/W2026079826","https://openalex.org/W2035184384","https://openalex.org/W2036815212","https://openalex.org/W2041048898","https://openalex.org/W2043390964","https://openalex.org/W2045283218","https://openalex.org/W2046152056","https://openalex.org/W2048172222","https://openalex.org/W2050732218","https://openalex.org/W2051306050","https://openalex.org/W2051604588","https://openalex.org/W2052009434","https://openalex.org/W2055113945","https://openalex.org/W2056070664","https://openalex.org/W2059123622","https://openalex.org/W2060048474","https://openalex.org/W2060296476","https://openalex.org/W2060410874","https://openalex.org/W2060824748","https://openalex.org/W2061760937","https://openalex.org/W2064604870","https://openalex.org/W2065060362","https://openalex.org/W2071508259","https://openalex.org/W2073463883","https://openalex.org/W2073572177","https://openalex.org/W2078114051","https://openalex.org/W2079171678","https://openalex.org/W2081378859","https://openalex.org/W2083354894","https://openalex.org/W2086817110","https://openalex.org/W2087004988","https://openalex.org/W2090851717","https://openalex.org/W2092340964","https://openalex.org/W2097186989","https://openalex.org/W2098469226","https://openalex.org/W2099319501","https://openalex.org/W2113406472","https://openalex.org/W2115424090","https://openalex.org/W2119819130","https://openalex.org/W2129562667","https://openalex.org/W2144586873","https://openalex.org/W2144640818","https://openalex.org/W2146938831","https://openalex.org/W2154641384","https://openalex.org/W2164172454","https://openalex.org/W2165303514","https://openalex.org/W2169195730","https://openalex.org/W2171652375","https://openalex.org/W2172901597","https://openalex.org/W2505177169","https://openalex.org/W2595095174","https://openalex.org/W2614500201","https://openalex.org/W3133354997","https://openalex.org/W4213280129","https://openalex.org/W4244909516","https://openalex.org/W4254142965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100201763","https://openalex.org/W1645950804","https://openalex.org/W2011816743","https://openalex.org/W2005411034","https://openalex.org/W2055113945","https://openalex.org/W2042119734","https://openalex.org/W1894002616","https://openalex.org/W1568597896","https://openalex.org/W2022361205","https://openalex.org/W2082551205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"altimetry":[1],"and":[2,19,77,103,135,241,256,308,325],"hydrographic":[3],"observations":[4,129],"are":[5,94,244,286],"used":[6],"to":[7,20,33,91,125,130,145,175,203,232,322],"characterize":[8],"the":[9,14,22,28,34,47,108,116,127,136,141,151,165,176,179,199,218,228,245,253,257,288,305],"mesoscale":[10,155],"eddy":[11,146,180],"field":[12,43],"in":[13,183,295],"Sargasso":[15],"Sea":[16],"near":[17],"Bermuda":[18],"address":[21],"role":[23],"of":[24,30,49,64,69,74,80,86,107,120,138,178,186,214,259,271,297,317],"physical":[25,261,307],"processes":[26],"on":[27],"supply":[29,264,291],"new":[31,169,250,262,273,289,299,318],"nutrients":[32,139,251],"euphotic":[35,142,166,254],"zone.":[36],"The":[37],"observed":[38,109],"sea":[39],"level":[40],"anomaly":[41,89],"(SLA)":[42],"is":[44,113,150,209],"dominated":[45],"by":[46,153],"occurrence":[48],"westward":[50],"propagating":[51],"features":[52],"with":[53,97,115],"SLA":[54,99],"signatures":[55],"as":[56,58,222,224,312,314],"large":[57],"25":[59],"cm,":[60],"Eulerian":[61],"temporal":[62],"scales":[63,73],"roughly":[65],"a":[66,78,184,195],"month,":[67],"lifetimes":[68],"several":[70],"months,":[71],"spatial":[72],"\u223c200":[75],"km,":[76],"propagation":[79],"\u223c5":[81],"cm":[82],"s\u22121.":[83],"Hydrographic":[84],"estimates":[85,226,270],"dynamic":[87,110],"height":[88,111],"(referenced":[90],"4000":[92],"dbar)":[93],"well":[95,223,313],"correlated":[96],"satellite":[98,128],"(r2":[100],"=":[101],"0.65),":[102],"at":[104],"least":[105],"85%":[106],"variability":[112],"associated":[114],"first":[117],"baroclinic":[118],"mode":[119],"motion.":[121],"This":[122,207,302],"allows":[123],"us":[124],"apply":[126],"remotely":[131],"estimate":[132,197],"isopycnal":[133,158,233,237],"displacements":[134,159],"flux":[137,185,208,221],"into":[140,164,252],"zone":[143],"due":[144,202,231],"pumping.":[147],"Eddy":[148,239],"pumping":[149,181,240],"process":[152],"which":[154],"eddies":[156],"induce":[157],"that":[160,304],"lift":[161],"nutrient\u2010replete":[162],"waters":[163],"zone,":[167,255],"driving":[168],"primary":[170],"production.":[171],"A":[172],"kinematic":[173],"approach":[174],"estimation":[177],"results":[182],"0.24":[187],"\u00b1":[188],"0.1":[189],"mol":[190],"N":[191],"m\u22122":[192],"yr\u22121":[193],"(including":[194],"scale":[196,225],"for":[198,227,275],"small":[200],"contribution":[201],"18\u00b0":[204],"water":[205],"eddies).":[206],"more":[210],"than":[211,217],"an":[212],"order":[213],"magnitude":[215],"larger":[216],"diapycnal":[219],"diffusive":[220],"vertical":[229],"transport":[230,310],"mixing":[234],"along":[235],"sloping":[236],"surfaces.":[238],"wintertime":[242],"convection":[243],"two":[246],"dominant":[247],"mechanisms":[248],"transporting":[249],"sum":[258],"all":[260],"nutrient":[263],"fluxes":[265],"effectively":[266],"balances":[267],"previous":[268],"geochemical":[269,298,315],"annual":[272],"production":[274,300],"this":[276],"site.":[277],"However,":[278],"if":[279],"biological":[280,309],"transports":[281],"(e.g.,":[282],"nitrogen":[283,290],"fixation,":[284],"etc.)":[285],"significant,":[287],"budget":[292],"will":[293],"be":[294,323],"excess":[296],"estimates.":[301],"suggests":[303],"various":[306],"fluxes,":[311],"inferences":[316],"production,":[319],"still":[320],"need":[321],"reconciled":[324],"many":[326],"outstanding":[327],"questions":[328],"remain.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}