{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009192574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199207000-00007","title":"MULTIVARIATE POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF COUNTY TRAUMA CENTERS WITH PER CAPITA COUNTY TRAUMA DEATH RATES","display_name":"MULTIVARIATE POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF COUNTY TRAUMA CENTERS WITH PER CAPITA COUNTY TRAUMA DEATH RATES","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009192574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199207000-00007","mag":"2009192574","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1635103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005373-199207000-00007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199207000-00007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199207000-00007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2312674","display_name":"The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care","issn_l":"0022-5282","issn":["0022-5282","1529-8809"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000167501","display_name":"Robert R. Rutledge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-8990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-8990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Rutledge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053810400","display_name":"W. Joseph Messick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802101240","display_name":"Carolinas Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0483mr804","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334069289","https://openalex.org/I2802101240"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Messick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carolinas Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolinas Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802101240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029764767","display_name":"Christopher C. Baker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher C. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery and","Department of Surgery"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051566429","display_name":"Sharon Baker Rhyne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Rhyne","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services, Raleigh, and the","North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services, Raleigh, and the","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111883517","display_name":"John D. Butts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802101240","display_name":"Carolinas Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0483mr804","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334069289","https://openalex.org/I2802101240"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Butts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Trauma and Critical Care, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte","University of North Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Trauma and Critical Care, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I2802101240"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041245842","display_name":"Anthony A. Meyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery and","Department of Surgery"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052894728","display_name":"Thomas C. Ricketts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5262-4849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5262-4849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Ricketts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sheps Center for Health Sciences Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina","University of North Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sheps Center for Health Sciences Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96316237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"29","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-centers","display_name":"trauma centers","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-life-support","display_name":"advanced life support","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medical-services","display_name":"emergency medical services","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-composition","display_name":"racial composition","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-mortality-prediction","display_name":"trauma mortality prediction","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5989208221435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5959268808364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2980337","display_name":"Trauma center","level":3,"score":0.589741051197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5698572993278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.512071430683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5106781125068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4579242169857025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4416106939315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.43694767355918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3098396956920624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2241257131099701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.12202385067939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.11561870574951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0993802547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08888021111488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009657","descriptor_name":"North Carolina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014193","descriptor_name":"Trauma Centers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005373-199207000-00007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199207000-00007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199207000-00007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2312674","display_name":"The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care","issn_l":"0022-5282","issn":["0022-5282","1529-8809"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1635103","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1635103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of trauma","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6905733858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1-R01-H506527-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996381855","https://openalex.org/W2058697124","https://openalex.org/W2023511905","https://openalex.org/W2094222811","https://openalex.org/W2004023116","https://openalex.org/W2090528176","https://openalex.org/W2087020026","https://openalex.org/W2078926634","https://openalex.org/W2067078748","https://openalex.org/W2769212402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UNLABELLED:":[0],"The":[1],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,18,67,88,106,138,188,223,235,253,266],"this":[4],"study":[5,213],"was":[6,41],"to":[7,14,85,101,231],"utilize":[8],"a":[9,44,65,189,218,228,254],"large":[10,229],"population-based":[11,220],"data":[12,49,221],"base":[13,222],"determine":[15,102],"the":[16,35,39,103,107,186,193,198,233,251,263,278],"association":[17,105,234],"trauma":[19,25,32,58,114,128,150,159,165,190,208,225,236,239,255,270,281,284],"centers":[20,160,166,237,282],"with":[21,110,124,158,162,277],"per":[22,111,125,175,205,267],"capita":[23,30,112,126,149,206,268],"county":[24,31,53,113,127,135,194,207,247,269],"death":[26,33,115,129,151,209,240,271,285],"rates.":[27,116,130,210,241,272,286],"METHODS:":[28],"Per":[29,148],"rate,":[34],"dependent":[36],"variable":[37],"in":[38,156,192,216,227],"model,":[40],"obtained":[42,63],"from":[43,64],"well-validated":[45],"state":[46,230],"Medical":[47],"Examiner's":[48],"base.":[50],"Over":[51],"200":[52],"demographic,":[54],"prehospital,":[55],"and":[56,95,144,170,195,238,257],"hospital":[57],"care":[59],"resource":[60],"variables":[61,76,84,109,248],"were":[62,99,153,197,262],"variety":[66],"sources":[68],"for":[69,77,245],"multivariate":[70,78],"modeling.":[71],"Bivariate":[72,118],"analysis":[73,98,119,183],"identified":[74,120],"candidate":[75,108],"modeling,":[79],"excluding":[80],"highly":[81],"correlated":[82],"independent":[83],"avoid":[86],"problems":[87],"collinearity.":[89],"Multivariate":[90,182,242],"linear":[91],"regression,":[92,94],"logistic":[93],"stepwise":[96],"discriminant":[97],"used":[100],"relative":[104],"RESULTS:":[117],"multiple":[121],"factors":[122,202],"associated":[123],"These":[131,273],"included,":[132],"among":[133],"others:":[134],"rurality,":[136],"percentage":[137,140],"unemployment,":[139],"nonwhite,":[141],"911":[142],"access,":[143],"ALS":[145,196],"certified":[146],"EMS.":[147],"rates":[152],"significantly":[154],"lower":[155],"counties":[157,163],"compared":[161],"without":[164],"(4.0":[167],"+/-":[168,172],"0.5":[169],"5.0":[171],"1.1":[173],"deaths":[174,226],"10,000":[176],"population,":[177],"p":[178],"=":[179],"0.0001,":[180],"respectively).":[181],"demonstrated":[184,249],"that":[185,250,280],"presence":[187,252],"center":[191,256],"best":[199,264],"medical":[200],"system":[201],"predicting":[203],"decreased":[204],"CONCLUSIONS:":[211],"This":[212],"is":[214],"unique":[215],"utilizing":[217],"regional":[219],"all":[224],"analyze":[232],"modeling":[243],"controlling":[244],"other":[246],"Advanced":[258],"Life":[259],"Support":[260],"training":[261],"predictors":[265],"findings":[274],"are":[275],"consistent":[276],"hypothesis":[279],"decrease":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}