{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009129243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19930258","title":"Single-electron memory","display_name":"Single-electron memory","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009129243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19930258","mag":"2009129243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/el:19930258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19930258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19930258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149016011","display_name":"Electronics Letters","issn_l":"0013-5194","issn":["0013-5194","1350-911X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K. Nakazato","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Nakazato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cavendish Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cavendish Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070826242","display_name":"Richard J. Blaikie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-835X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-835X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J. Blaikie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cavendish Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cavendish Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043465773","display_name":"J. R. A. Cleaver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-4623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-4623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.R.A. Cleaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cavendish Laboratory, Microelectronics Research Centre, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cavendish Laboratory, Microelectronics Research Centre, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101781128","display_name":"H. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-3505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-3505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cavendish Laboratory, Microelectronics Research Centre, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cavendish Laboratory, Microelectronics Research Centre, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96384148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"384","last_page":"385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-electron-memory","display_name":"single-electron memory","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-electron-transistor","display_name":"single-electron transistor","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-cells","display_name":"memory cells","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-quantization","display_name":"charge quantization","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-temperature-operation","display_name":"low-temperature operation","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5317232608795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776638159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343761","display_name":"Memory cell","level":4,"score":0.48935264348983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.45837995409965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.4325205087661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.4270760715007782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4164014458656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38344740867614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3738178014755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36152392625808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33916962146759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.32256019115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.261640340089798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20789721608161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.17464065551757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.12787088751792908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08893957734107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/el:19930258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19930258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19930258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149016011","display_name":"Electronics Letters","issn_l":"0013-5194","issn":["0013-5194","1350-911X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550122407","https://openalex.org/W2493151527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121402193","https://openalex.org/W2362075279","https://openalex.org/W1965899580","https://openalex.org/W2100171441","https://openalex.org/W2541565465","https://openalex.org/W1986756585","https://openalex.org/W1514714756","https://openalex.org/W2545535879","https://openalex.org/W1613404309","https://openalex.org/W2067502818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"single-electron":[1],"memory":[2,23],"cell,":[3],"in":[4],"which":[5],"one":[6],"bit":[7],"of":[8,39],"information":[9],"is":[10,19],"represented":[11],"by":[12],"+n":[13],"and":[14,30],"\u2212n":[15],"electron":[16],"number":[17],"states,":[18],"described.":[20],"An":[21],"experimental":[22],"circuit":[24],"for":[25],"n":[26,50],"\u2243100":[27],"was":[28,34],"fabricated":[29],"the":[31],"basic":[32],"operation":[33],"confirmed":[35],"at":[36],"a":[37],"temperature":[38],"30":[40],"mK.":[41],"This":[42],"structure":[43],"can":[44],"be":[45],"modified":[46],"to":[47],"operate":[48],"with":[49],"=":[51],"1.":[52]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}