{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009005408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","title":"Curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of butyl rubber filled with ground tire rubber (GTR)","display_name":"Curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of butyl rubber filled with ground tire rubber (GTR)","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009005408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","mag":"2009005408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32218721","display_name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","issn_l":"1026-1265","issn":["1026-1265","1735-5265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002056699","display_name":"Krzysztof Formela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-9794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-9794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Formela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland","Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076294682","display_name":"J\u00f3zef Tadeusz Haponiuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-7050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-7050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f3zef T. Haponiuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland","Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002056699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"],"apc_list":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"apc_paid":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"fwci":5.4307,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95859462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"185","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.031700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10501","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butyl-rubber","display_name":"butyl rubber","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crumb-rubber","display_name":"crumb rubber","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubber-recycling","display_name":"rubber recycling","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulcanization","display_name":"vulcanization","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cure-characteristics","display_name":"cure characteristics","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elongation-at-break","display_name":"elongation at break","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardness","display_name":"hardness","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience-engineering","display_name":"resilience engineering","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-mechanical-properties","display_name":"dynamic mechanical properties","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-matrix-interaction","display_name":"filler-matrix interaction","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosslink-density","display_name":"crosslink density","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/styrene-butadiene-rubber","display_name":"styrene-butadiene rubber","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-tires","display_name":"waste tires","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.9271979928016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9030054807662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51179264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188631","display_name":"Vulcanization","level":3,"score":0.8375639319419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7764650583267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44038986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764245","display_name":"Carbon black","level":3,"score":0.7307584285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132976073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991861","display_name":"Curing (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6796196699142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6601308584213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777264938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146429","display_name":"Styrene-butadiene","level":5,"score":0.5892688632011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33947775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271439","display_name":"Elongation","level":3,"score":0.5837971568107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.5588205456733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905592","display_name":"Filler (materials)","level":2,"score":0.4262394905090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.22402113676071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777566558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28917","display_name":"Styrene","level":4,"score":0.11879986524581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32218721","display_name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","issn_l":"1026-1265","issn":["1026-1265","1735-5265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13726-013-0214-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32218721","display_name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","issn_l":"1026-1265","issn":["1026-1265","1735-5265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009005408.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009005408.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643941537","https://openalex.org/W1566167433","https://openalex.org/W1978983396","https://openalex.org/W1987808998","https://openalex.org/W1989845778","https://openalex.org/W1993360212","https://openalex.org/W1996193718","https://openalex.org/W2003516602","https://openalex.org/W2003671056","https://openalex.org/W2004384354","https://openalex.org/W2013206794","https://openalex.org/W2013841211","https://openalex.org/W2014911530","https://openalex.org/W2017626666","https://openalex.org/W2021674031","https://openalex.org/W2021846810","https://openalex.org/W2026341146","https://openalex.org/W2028246062","https://openalex.org/W2029218454","https://openalex.org/W2037703144","https://openalex.org/W2039663870","https://openalex.org/W2048061347","https://openalex.org/W2049952114","https://openalex.org/W2052036777","https://openalex.org/W2054375458","https://openalex.org/W2055057102","https://openalex.org/W2056316939","https://openalex.org/W2061808020","https://openalex.org/W2064555576","https://openalex.org/W2070525441","https://openalex.org/W2075979334","https://openalex.org/W2077282607","https://openalex.org/W2112133914","https://openalex.org/W2113560336","https://openalex.org/W2122676146","https://openalex.org/W2147399934","https://openalex.org/W2151464672","https://openalex.org/W2153500692","https://openalex.org/W2153615409","https://openalex.org/W2187368840","https://openalex.org/W2199833902","https://openalex.org/W2256342327","https://openalex.org/W2258582065","https://openalex.org/W2293557157","https://openalex.org/W4233677223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2467717711","https://openalex.org/W2521367690","https://openalex.org/W3183476464","https://openalex.org/W2069230695","https://openalex.org/W2325352462","https://openalex.org/W7112063394","https://openalex.org/W2978816163","https://openalex.org/W2003516602","https://openalex.org/W4281757737","https://openalex.org/W2515495656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,144],"results":[1],"on":[2,89,118,209],"testing":[3],"application":[4],"of":[5,25,51,75,80,86,95,105,133,147,153,176,194,211],"ground":[6],"tire":[7],"rubber":[8,56,68,71,97,128,161,179,203],"(GTR),":[9],"as":[10,114,135],"potential":[11],"filler":[12,136],"for":[13,188],"butyl":[14,96,127,160,178,202],"rubber,":[15],"are":[16],"presented.":[17],"GTR":[19,134,154,187,199],"content":[20],"variation,":[21],"within":[22],"the":[23,33,49,52,84,102,119,138,159,173,177,192,201,212],"range":[24],"10\u201390":[26],"phr,":[27],"was":[28,57,181],"studied":[29],"with":[30,100],"respect":[31],"to":[32,63],"vulcanization":[34],"process,":[35],"static":[36],"mechanical":[37,46,93],"properties":[38,47,94,210],"(tensile":[39],"strength,":[40],"elongation-at-break,":[41],"hardness":[42],"and":[43,48,69,77,92,142,163],"resilience),":[44],"dynamic":[45],"morphology":[50],"obtained":[53,120,213],"vulcanizates.":[54,214],"Butyl":[55],"characterized":[58],"by":[59,183],"its":[60,184],"low":[61,78],"compatibility":[62],"other":[64],"elastomers":[65],"[i.e.,":[66],"natural":[67],"styrene\u2013butadiene":[70],"(SBR)\u2014the":[72],"main":[73],"ingredients":[74],"tires]":[76],"degree":[79],"unsaturation.":[81],"To":[82],"evaluate":[83],"impact":[85,208],"these":[87],"factors":[88],"curing":[90],"characteristics":[91],"vulcanizates":[98,129],"filled":[99],"GTR,":[101],"same":[103],"compositions":[104],"SBR":[106],"compounds,":[107],"cured":[108],"under":[109],"identical":[110],"conditions,":[111],"were":[112],"used":[113],"reference":[115],"samples.":[116],"Based":[117],"data,":[121],"it":[122],"can":[123],"be":[124],"stated":[125],"that":[126],"containing":[130,150],"30":[131,151],"phr":[132,152],"revealed":[137,155],"highest":[139],"tensile":[140],"strength":[141],"elongation-at-break.":[143],"microstructural":[145],"analysis":[146],"a":[148,206],"sample":[149],"strong":[156],"interactions":[157],"between":[158],"matrix":[162,180,204],"GTR.":[164],"This":[165],"phenomenon":[166],"resulted":[167],"mainly":[168],"from":[169,198],"two":[170],"factors.":[171],"First,":[172],"cross-link":[174],"density":[175],"affected":[182],"competition":[185],"against":[186],"cross-linking":[189],"agents.":[190],"Secondly,":[191],"migration":[193],"carbon":[195],"black":[196],"particles":[197],"into":[200],"had":[205],"significant":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
