{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008999944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/9.3.791","title":"Systematics and Biogeography of Burrowing Bryozoans","display_name":"Systematics and Biogeography of Burrowing Bryozoans","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008999944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/9.3.791","mag":"2008999944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/icb/9.3.791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/9.3.791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/9.3.791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222308","display_name":"American Zoologist","issn_l":"0003-1569","issn":["0003-1569","2162-4445"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Zoologist","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088102968","display_name":"John D. Soule","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOHN D. SOULE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Histology, School of Dentistry, and Allan Hancock Foundation,University of Southern California Los Angeles, Calif. 90007"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Histology, School of Dentistry, and Allan Hancock Foundation,University of Southern California Los Angeles, Calif. 90007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051287307","display_name":"Dorothy F. Soule","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DOROTHY F. SOULE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Calif. 90007"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Calif. 90007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16418605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"791","last_page":"802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10765","display_name":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10765","display_name":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14399","display_name":"Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology","score":0.03709999844431877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12142","display_name":"Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ctenostomata","display_name":"Ctenostomata","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cheilostomatida","display_name":"Cheilostomata","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biogeography","display_name":"biogeography","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mollusc-shells","display_name":"mollusk shells","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-parasite-interactions","display_name":"host-parasite interactions","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bryozoan-diversity","display_name":"bryozoan diversity","score":0.8259999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.6834510564804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6615896224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148134","display_name":"Bryozoa","level":3,"score":0.5940923094749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175422226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410542","display_name":"Burrow","level":2,"score":0.5676316618919373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123575903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52106","display_name":"Biogeography","level":2,"score":0.5633985996246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.48152169585227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136815107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154242","display_name":"Nothing","level":2,"score":0.46172136068344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102715595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172861","display_name":"Ecological niche","level":3,"score":0.4431953728199005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.3711344003677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19379842281341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.08267205953598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.060156166553497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/icb/9.3.791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/9.3.791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/9.3.791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222308","display_name":"American Zoologist","issn_l":"0003-1569","issn":["0003-1569","2162-4445"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Zoologist","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W318231071","https://openalex.org/W1756691584","https://openalex.org/W2104290941","https://openalex.org/W2258406954","https://openalex.org/W2466727627","https://openalex.org/W2498802609","https://openalex.org/W2796029352","https://openalex.org/W4292962080","https://openalex.org/W4299943434","https://openalex.org/W6990139544","https://openalex.org/W7052472180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394926388","https://openalex.org/W4377983318","https://openalex.org/W608684651","https://openalex.org/W4235563172","https://openalex.org/W7211871349","https://openalex.org/W2086199227","https://openalex.org/W6981722532","https://openalex.org/W2100451826","https://openalex.org/W2753967042","https://openalex.org/W6912039552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"investigations":[1],"of":[2,7,16,47,68,83,96,111,135,187],"the":[3,17,19,22,26,30,41,54,65,74,97,114,133,136,156,172,179],"three":[4,98],"principal":[5],"families":[6],"ectoproct":[8,137],"bryozoan":[9,99,138],"burrowers":[10],"has":[11],"shown":[12],"that":[13,76,89,102],"while":[14],"two":[15,95],"families,":[18],"Terebriporidae":[20],"and":[21,101,143,161,182],"Immergentiidae,":[23],"belong":[24],"to":[25,40,57,122,131,193],"minor":[27],"Order":[28,43],"Ctenostomata,":[29],"third":[31],"family,":[32],"Penetrantiidae,":[33],"previously":[34],"considered":[35,53],"a":[36,59,118,125],"ctenostome,":[37],"actually":[38],"belongs":[39],"major":[42],"Cheilostomata.":[44],"The":[45],"implications":[46],"this":[48],"are":[49,152],"important;":[50],"we":[51,151],"have":[52],"burrowing":[55,66,84,103,196],"bryozoans":[56,85],"be":[58,79,123],"small":[60],"obscure":[61],"group,":[62],"specialized":[63],"for":[64,113],"mode":[67,110],"existence.":[69],"We":[70,163],"must":[71],"now":[72],"consider":[73],"possibility":[75],"there":[77],"may":[78,120],"many":[80],"more":[81],"species":[82],"as":[86],"yet":[87],"undiscovered,":[88],"they":[90,170,191],"occur":[91,194],"in":[92,198],"at":[93],"least":[94],"orders,":[100],"constitutes":[104],"an":[105],"important":[106],"ecological":[107],"niche":[108],"or":[109],"adaptation":[112],"bryozoans.":[115],"While":[116],"such":[117],"change":[119],"seem":[121,192],"merely":[124],"taxonomic":[126],"maneuver,":[127],"itmay":[128],"also":[129],"serve":[130],"emphasize":[132],"diversity":[134],"groups":[139],"which":[140],"do":[141],"burrow,":[142],"perhaps":[144],"encourage":[145],"research":[146],"on":[147],"them.":[148],"At":[149],"present":[150],"making":[153],"progress":[154],"describing":[155],"living":[157],"species,":[158],"their":[159,185],"anatomy":[160],"histology.":[162],"still":[164],"know":[165],"almost":[166],"nothing":[167,174,183],"about":[168,175,184],"how":[169],"penetrate":[171],"substrate,":[173],"possible":[176],"effects":[177],"upon":[178],"host":[180],"organism,":[181],"means":[186],"geographical":[188],"distribution,":[189],"although":[190],"worldwide,":[195],"primarily":[197],"molluscan":[199],"shells.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}