{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008985465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(93)90006-f","title":"Practical user interface design notation","display_name":"Practical user interface design notation","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008985465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(93)90006-f","mag":"2008985465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0953-5438(93)90006-f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(93)90006-f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(93)90006-f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peter Windsor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Windsor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logica Cambridge Ltd, Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ, UK","Logica Cambridge Ltd, Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ, UK. Tel: 0223 66343. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logica Cambridge Ltd, Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logica Cambridge Ltd, Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ, UK. Tel: 0223 66343. E-mail:","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044830942","display_name":"Graham Storrs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Storrs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logica Cambridge Ltd, Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ, UK","Logica Cambridge Ltd, Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ, UK. Tel: 0223 66343. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logica Cambridge Ltd, Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logica Cambridge Ltd, Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ, UK. Tel: 0223 66343. E-mail:","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2877,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3794},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"423","last_page":"438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-management-systems","display_name":"user interface management systems","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window-management","display_name":"window management","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-transition-model","display_name":"state transition model","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.8908919095993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7837077975273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.640110969543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6351733803749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149229913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135707","display_name":"User interface design","level":3,"score":0.5416098833084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5329500436782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130858515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3333480","display_name":"Interface metaphor","level":5,"score":0.5160605311393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5082306861877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4509456157684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4180067777633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3975304365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.38629308342933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66153210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597182","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","level":4,"score":0.35690927505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16355499625205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07756403088569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0953-5438(93)90006-f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(93)90006-f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(93)90006-f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15669911","https://openalex.org/W83492694","https://openalex.org/W1490953767","https://openalex.org/W1504300023","https://openalex.org/W1560373689","https://openalex.org/W1985724015","https://openalex.org/W2003623337","https://openalex.org/W2030949352","https://openalex.org/W2083632529","https://openalex.org/W2117081378","https://openalex.org/W2611162829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2288974440","https://openalex.org/W44396137","https://openalex.org/W2150743174","https://openalex.org/W1998952986","https://openalex.org/W7006452553","https://openalex.org/W2219311545","https://openalex.org/W7101034523","https://openalex.org/W7099519233","https://openalex.org/W2109334609","https://openalex.org/W1583157632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,70],"notation":[1,36,78],"for":[2],"describing":[3],"user":[4,48],"interfaces":[5,66],"has":[6],"been":[7],"developed":[8],"which":[9],"offers":[10],"the":[11,22,63,74,77],"benefits":[12],"of":[13,26,43,65,73,76],"being":[14,25],"theoretically":[15],"well-founded":[16],"and":[17,52,56,67,81,84],"reasonably":[18],"formal":[19],"while":[20],"at":[21],"same":[23],"time":[24],"practical":[27],"use":[28,75],"in":[29],"an":[30],"industrial":[31],"software":[32,45],"design":[33],"environment.":[34],"The":[35],"is":[37,79],"based":[38],"on":[39],"a":[40,59],"five-layer":[41],"model":[42],"interface":[44,49],"derived":[46],"from":[47],"management":[50,54],"system":[51],"window":[53],"work,":[55],"is,":[57],"essentially,":[58],"statetransitional":[60],"approach":[61],"to":[62],"description":[64],"their":[68],"behaviour.":[69],"short":[71],"example":[72],"given":[80],"its":[82],"strengths":[83],"weaknesses":[85],"are":[86],"discussed.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}