{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008964571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","title":"Modification of a Hybrid City Bus Powertrain in the Aspect of Lower Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions","display_name":"Modification of a Hybrid City Bus Powertrain in the Aspect of Lower Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008964571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","mag":"2008964571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128754310","display_name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","issn_l":"1660-9336","issn":["1660-9336","1662-7482","2297-8941"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030767163","display_name":"Maciej Bajerlein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5908-1218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5908-1218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099935","display_name":"Bosmal (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/012q2m618","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099935"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Bajerlein","raw_affiliation_strings":["BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054095886","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Rymaniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-3183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-3183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukasz Rymaniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poznan University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poznan University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043416831","display_name":"Piotr \u015awi\u0105tek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099935","display_name":"Bosmal (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/012q2m618","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099935"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Swiatek","raw_affiliation_strings":["BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057851436","display_name":"Andrzej Zi\u00f3\u0142kowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6632-4751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6632-4751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Ziolkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poznan University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poznan University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103099999","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Daszkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-644X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-644X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawel Daszkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poznan University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poznan University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102878323","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Dobrzy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4127-0256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4127-0256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Dobrzynski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poznan University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poznan University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030767163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099935"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84822261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"518","issue":null,"first_page":"108","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/city-bus","display_name":"city bus","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-powertrain","display_name":"hybrid powertrain","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-consumption","display_name":"fuel consumption","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-optimization","display_name":"engine optimization","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drivetrain-optimization","display_name":"drivetrain optimization","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor-charging","display_name":"capacitor charging","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-bus-operations","display_name":"urban bus operations","score":0.5479999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.8631260991096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169042556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16246150","display_name":"Driving cycle","level":4,"score":0.7515681982040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.6223931908607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5681277513504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779139147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320173","display_name":"Exhaust gas","level":2,"score":0.5599267482757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.5304001569747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105637607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Drivetrain","level":3,"score":0.4879748225212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.48469260334968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103206924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285028","display_name":"Exhaust gas recirculation","level":3,"score":0.4357723295688629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.25297656655311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.19401386380195618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.1612296998500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.15826639533042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1269465684890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128754310","display_name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","issn_l":"1660-9336","issn":["1660-9336","1662-7482","2297-8941"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128754310","display_name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","issn_l":"1660-9336","issn":["1660-9336","1662-7482","2297-8941"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7250000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","ror":"https://ror.org/05pwfyy15"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W753251892","https://openalex.org/W1539688618","https://openalex.org/W1592212984","https://openalex.org/W2074047523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2242630669","https://openalex.org/W4210525360","https://openalex.org/W2041511552","https://openalex.org/W2057371223","https://openalex.org/W2059786870","https://openalex.org/W2319354221","https://openalex.org/W2042623943","https://openalex.org/W1564999127","https://openalex.org/W2893315308","https://openalex.org/W1580942414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2,97],"the":[3,6,29,33,52,70,79,82,86,91,99,102,112,120],"authors":[4],"present":[5],"methodology":[7],"and":[8,13,39,85,94,105,126],"results":[9,100],"of":[10,17,32,51,101],"exhaust":[11,40,127],"emissions":[12,41],"energy":[14,124],"consumption":[15,125],"tests":[16,45],"an":[18],"18-meter":[19],"city":[20,56],"bus":[21,53,61,80],"fitted":[22],"with":[23,81],"a":[24,59,106,116],"serial":[25],"hybrid":[26],"drive.":[27],"During":[28],"tests,":[30],"parameters":[31],"engine":[34,93],"operation,":[35],"capacitor":[36],"charging":[37],"level":[38],"were":[42,46,66],"recorded.":[43],"The":[44,63,73,96],"performed":[47,77],"under":[48],"actual":[49],"conditions":[50],"operation":[54],"in":[55],"traffic":[57],"on":[58,69,78,90,119],"regular":[60],"route.":[62],"testing":[64],"cycles":[65],"conducted":[67,103],"twice":[68],"same":[71],"vehicle.":[72],"first":[74],"cycle":[75],"was":[76],"original":[83],"configuration":[84],"second":[87],"one":[88],"-":[89],"optimized":[92],"drivetrain.":[95],"presents":[98],"investigations":[104],"comparison":[107],"that":[108],"tells":[109],"us":[110],"whether":[111],"optimization":[113],"changes":[114],"have":[115],"positive":[117],"influence":[118],"vehicle":[121],"reducing":[122],"its":[123],"emissions.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}