{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008952000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294632","title":"Strategies to Assure Certification and Retention of Black Teachers","display_name":"Strategies to Assure Certification and Retention of Black Teachers","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008952000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294632","mag":"2008952000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2294632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91843068","display_name":"The Journal of Negro Education","issn_l":"0022-2984","issn":["0022-2984","2167-6437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315754","host_organization_name":"Howard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Howard University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Negro Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029829218","display_name":"Constance Carter Cooper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Constance Carter Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029829218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8387,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97545988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"1","first_page":"46","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13305","display_name":"Teacher Professional Development and Motivation","score":0.4740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13305","display_name":"Teacher Professional Development and Motivation","score":0.4740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11384","display_name":"Critical Race Theory in Education","score":0.2728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.2134000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-teachers","display_name":"Black teachers","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-certification","display_name":"teacher certification","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-retention","display_name":"teacher retention","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-shortage","display_name":"teacher shortage","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-recruitment","display_name":"teacher recruitment","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-equity","display_name":"educational equity","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.7527850866317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4353224039077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3683391213417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.32289889454841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3187878727912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25308650732040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12038710713386536}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2294632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91843068","display_name":"The Journal of Negro Education","issn_l":"0022-2984","issn":["0022-2984","2167-6437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315754","host_organization_name":"Howard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Howard University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Negro Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2066052364","https://openalex.org/W2224296908","https://openalex.org/W3109981693","https://openalex.org/W2381980429","https://openalex.org/W2023743128","https://openalex.org/W2384206113","https://openalex.org/W645983410","https://openalex.org/W2057053421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Teaching":[0],"is":[1,30],"the":[2,11,39,80],"most":[3],"important":[4],"profession":[5],"in":[6,17,46],"our":[7,58],"nation.":[8],"According":[9],"to":[10,32,38,60,66],"1983":[12],"National":[13],"Commission":[14],"on":[15,52,71,75,79],"Excellence":[16],"Education's":[18],"report,":[19],"A":[20,24],"Nation":[21],"at":[22],"Risk,":[23],"high":[25],"level":[26],"of":[27,41,82],"shared":[28],"education":[29],"essential":[31],"a":[33,42,47],"free,":[34],"democratic":[35],"society":[36],"and":[37,54,78],"fostering":[40],"common":[43,69],"culture,":[44],"especially":[45],"country":[48,59],"that":[49],"prides":[50],"itself":[51],"pluralism":[53],"individual":[55],"freedom.":[56],"For":[57],"function,":[61],"citizens":[62],"must":[63],"be":[64],"able":[65],"reach":[67],"some":[68],"understanding":[70],"complex":[72],"issues,":[73],"often":[74],"short":[76],"notice":[77],"basis":[81],"conflicting":[83],"or":[84],"incomplete":[85],"evidence.'":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}