{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008757608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0974930612465224","title":"Regionalising Infrastructure for Deepening Market Integration: The Case of East Africa","display_name":"Regionalising Infrastructure for Deepening Market Integration: The Case of East Africa","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008757608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0974930612465224","mag":"2008757608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0974930612465224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0974930612465224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0974930612465224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147597260","display_name":"Journal of Infrastructure Development","issn_l":"0974-9306","issn":["0974-9306","0975-5969"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Infrastructure Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044672575","display_name":"Ioannis N. Kessides","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis N. Kessides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lead Economist, Development Research Group The World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lead Economist, Development Research Group The World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044672575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94684688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"115","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.5253999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.5253999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12690","display_name":"Cross-Border Cooperation and Integration","score":0.15710000693798065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14349","display_name":"Global Political and Economic Relations","score":0.10520000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-economic-integration","display_name":"regional economic integration","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-african-community","display_name":"East African Community","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-harmonisation","display_name":"regulatory harmonisation","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-reform","display_name":"trade policy reform","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariff-elimination","display_name":"tariff elimination","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-trade","display_name":"cross-border trade","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-flows","display_name":"investment flows","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-connectivity","display_name":"regional connectivity","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-africa","display_name":"East Africa","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779670282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1299906","display_name":"Regionalisation","level":2,"score":0.8284310698509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.6099076867103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98965940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496","display_name":"Transaction cost","level":2,"score":0.5538877844810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5450600981712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779015535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462668","display_name":"Regional integration","level":2,"score":0.5435057282447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76474335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215551","display_name":"Comparative advantage","level":2,"score":0.5210427641868591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5188094973564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.4716182053089142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.4600865840911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4491276443004608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.43740737438201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.35379356145858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3250722289085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3237071931362152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.28549647331237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.14599445462226868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0974930612465224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0974930612465224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0974930612465224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147597260","display_name":"Journal of Infrastructure Development","issn_l":"0974-9306","issn":["0974-9306","0975-5969"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Infrastructure Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.927.4742","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.927.4742","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://joi.sagepub.com/content/4/2/115.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:jouinf:v:4:y:2012:i:2:p:115-138","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0974930612465224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5217000246047974}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307857","display_name":"African Development Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqz0k77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W422461769","https://openalex.org/W1486003457","https://openalex.org/W1496451490","https://openalex.org/W1496803896","https://openalex.org/W1502341714","https://openalex.org/W1505910358","https://openalex.org/W1531839703","https://openalex.org/W1538753233","https://openalex.org/W1571321401","https://openalex.org/W1595758687","https://openalex.org/W1601103719","https://openalex.org/W1618766627","https://openalex.org/W1967096027","https://openalex.org/W2004011497","https://openalex.org/W2021668513","https://openalex.org/W2058538882","https://openalex.org/W2075644980","https://openalex.org/W2090714877","https://openalex.org/W2122604772","https://openalex.org/W2125332213","https://openalex.org/W2125982551","https://openalex.org/W2132250814","https://openalex.org/W2148509141","https://openalex.org/W2181892199","https://openalex.org/W2184166322","https://openalex.org/W2237641230","https://openalex.org/W2606440108","https://openalex.org/W2913222806","https://openalex.org/W2992776028","https://openalex.org/W3021750248","https://openalex.org/W3124354387","https://openalex.org/W3125722652","https://openalex.org/W3125907955","https://openalex.org/W3196390347","https://openalex.org/W3203395897","https://openalex.org/W4252591407","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122627728","https://openalex.org/W2566629710","https://openalex.org/W2546991913","https://openalex.org/W4309550200","https://openalex.org/W4410163587","https://openalex.org/W4410170449","https://openalex.org/W2260505493","https://openalex.org/W4254447975","https://openalex.org/W2163837722","https://openalex.org/W4410170270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"East":[1],"African":[2],"Community":[3],"has":[4,25,45],"long":[5],"recognised":[6],"that":[7,21,50,77,120],"regional":[8,63,102,133],"economic":[9,103,148],"integration":[10,64,172],"can":[11,117],"yield":[12],"significant":[13,143],"welfare":[14,54],"gains":[15,55],"to":[16,38,145],"its":[17,157],"member":[18],"states.":[19],"To":[20],"end,":[22],"the":[23,31,84,96,126,146,165,171,174,177],"community":[24],"been":[26,46],"making":[27],"steady":[28],"progress":[29],"towards":[30],"removal":[32],"of":[33,62,68,86,98,112,129,156,167,173],"tariffs":[34],"and":[35,71,74,82,125,137,159,169],"quantitative":[36],"restrictions":[37],"trade.":[39],"Moreover,":[40],"in":[41],"recent":[42],"years,":[43],"there":[44],"an":[47,99],"increasing":[48],"recognition":[49],"(a)":[51],"even":[52,92],"greater":[53],"could":[56,140],"be":[57],"realised":[58],"through":[59],"deeper":[60],"forms":[61],"which":[65],"entail":[66],"harmonisation":[67,136],"legal,":[69],"regulatory":[70,113],"institutional":[72],"frameworks;":[73],"(b)":[75],"reforms":[76,108],"reduce":[78],"cross-border":[79,123],"transaction":[80],"costs":[81,166],"improve":[83],"performance":[85],"\u2018backbone\u2019":[87],"infrastructure":[88,138],"services":[89],"are":[90],"arguably":[91],"more":[93,153],"important":[94],"for":[95],"creation":[97],"open,":[100],"unified":[101],"space":[104],"than":[105],"trade":[106,124,168],"policy":[107],"narrowly":[109],"defined.":[110],"Disparities":[111],"treatment":[114],"across":[115],"borders":[116],"introduce":[118],"distortions":[119],"hinder":[121],"both":[122],"aggregate":[127],"flows":[128],"investment":[130],"on":[131],"a":[132,142,152],"basis.":[134],"Regulatory":[135],"regionalisation":[139],"make":[141],"contribution":[144],"region\u2019s":[147],"development":[149],"by":[150],"promoting":[151],"efficient":[154],"utilisation":[155],"human":[158],"physical":[160],"resources,":[161],"enhancing":[162],"connectivity,":[163],"reducing":[164],"facilitating":[170],"continent":[175],"with":[176],"global":[178],"economy.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
