{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008707758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","title":"Evaluation of gafchromic EBT film for intensity modulated radiation therapy dose distribution verification","display_name":"Evaluation of gafchromic EBT film for intensity modulated radiation therapy dose distribution verification","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008707758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","mag":"2008707758","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21206669","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3004140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0971-6203.26693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17683331","display_name":"Journal of Medical Physics","issn_l":"0971-6203","issn":["0971-6203","1998-3913"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070229212","display_name":"A Sankar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327930874","display_name":"Apollo Hospitals","ror":"https://ror.org/02ew45630","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327930874"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A Sankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India","Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India","Department of Radiotherapy, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327930874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327930874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109180087","display_name":"P. G. G. Kurup","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327930874","display_name":"Apollo Hospitals","ror":"https://ror.org/02ew45630","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327930874"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PG Goplakrishna Kurup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327930874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113036530","display_name":"V Murali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1695-6700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1695-6700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327930874","display_name":"Apollo Hospitals","ror":"https://ror.org/02ew45630","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327930874"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Murali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327930874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111870490","display_name":"KomanduriM Ayyangar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KomanduriM Ayyangar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108496906","display_name":"R. Mothilal Nehru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Mothilal Nehru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J Velmurugan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Velmurugan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070229212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327930874","https://openalex.org/I33585257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6306,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66120111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"78","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gafchromic-ebt-film","display_name":"Gafchromic EBT film","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiochromic-film","display_name":"radiochromic film","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-modulated-radiotherapy","display_name":"intensity-modulated radiotherapy","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imrt-dose-verification","display_name":"IMRT dose verification","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-scanner","display_name":"film scanner","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-curves","display_name":"dose-response curves","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-uniformity","display_name":"film uniformity","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-analysis","display_name":"gamma analysis","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8210669755935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.5875682830810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.5750733017921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.4203028380870819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.41211628913879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08518296480178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07859593629837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/0971-6203.26693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17683331","display_name":"Journal of Medical Physics","issn_l":"0971-6203","issn":["0971-6203","1998-3913"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3004140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3004140/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3004140/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Med Phys","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21206669","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21206669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical physics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0971-6203.26693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.26693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17683331","display_name":"Journal of Medical Physics","issn_l":"0971-6203","issn":["0971-6203","1998-3913"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2008707758.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2008707758.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021409806","https://openalex.org/W2034284378","https://openalex.org/W2054895082","https://openalex.org/W2074800095","https://openalex.org/W2084929474","https://openalex.org/W2095185176","https://openalex.org/W2166698761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092746812","https://openalex.org/W1964087970","https://openalex.org/W2091870837","https://openalex.org/W2356503799","https://openalex.org/W2161477718","https://openalex.org/W2010740455","https://openalex.org/W2093986939","https://openalex.org/W181943241","https://openalex.org/W1972168471","https://openalex.org/W1978744262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"was":[2,58,117,141],"undertaken":[3],"with":[4,45,50,88,146,165,209,213],"the":[5,9,36,51,61,69,81,106,125,147,166,171,181,185,206],"intention":[6],"of":[7,11,14,53,72,80,94,149,187,198,215],"investigating":[8],"possibility":[10],"clinical":[12],"use":[13,186],"commercially":[15],"available":[16],"self-developing":[17],"radiochromic":[18],"film":[19,23,40,63,90,126,182,189],"-":[20,24],"Gafchromic":[21],"EBT":[22,46,62,82,175,188,210],"for":[25,35,190],"IMRT":[26,194,197],"dose":[27,30,70,139,151,168],"verification.":[28,195],"The":[29,42,77,132,178],"response":[31,67],"curves":[32],"were":[33,48,97,176,211],"generated":[34],"films":[37,47,159],"using":[38,143,174],"VXR-16":[39],"scanner.":[41],"results":[43,52,164,172,207,214],"obtained":[44,173,208],"compared":[49],"Kodak":[54],"EDR2":[55,158,216],"films.":[56,217],"It":[57],"found":[59],"that":[60],"has":[64],"a":[65,118],"linear":[66],"between":[68,109,135],"ranges":[71],"0":[73],"and":[74,92,111,137,153,162],"600":[75],"cGy.":[76],"dose-related":[78],"characteristics":[79],"film,":[83],"like":[84],"post-irradiation":[85],"color":[86,107],"growth":[87],"time,":[89],"uniformity":[91,127,183],"effect":[93],"scanning":[95],"orientation,":[96],"studied.":[98],"There":[99,116],"is":[100],"up":[101,121],"to":[102,122],"8.6%":[103],"increase":[104],"in":[105,124,180],"density":[108],"2":[110],"40":[112],"h":[113],"after":[114],"irradiation.":[115],"considerable":[119],"variation,":[120],"8.5%,":[123],"over":[128],"its":[129],"sensitive":[130],"region.":[131],"quantitative":[133],"difference":[134,152],"calculated":[136,167],"measured":[138],"distributions":[140],"analyzed":[142],"Gamma":[144],"index":[145],"tolerance":[148],"3%":[150],"3":[154],"mm":[155],"distance":[156],"agreement.":[157],"showed":[160],"good":[161],"consistent":[163],"distribution,":[169],"whereas":[170],"inconsistent.":[177],"variation":[179],"limits":[184],"conventional":[191],"large":[192],"field":[193,200],"For":[196],"smaller":[199],"size":[201],"(4.5":[202],"\u00d7":[203],"4.5":[204],"cm),":[205],"comparable":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}