{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008583240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4","title":"Systematic Review of the Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome","display_name":"Systematic Review of the Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008583240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4","mag":"2008583240","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12570282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7609525","display_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy","issn_l":"0190-6011","issn":["0190-6011","1938-1344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323283832","host_organization_name":"American Physical Therapy Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323283832"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Therapy Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056635579","display_name":"Mario Bizzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-9163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-9163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112317","display_name":"Schulthess-Klinik","ror":"https://ror.org/01xm3qq33","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112317"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Bizzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Therapy, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109479350","display_name":"John D. Childs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799567722","display_name":"Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025m0q735","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799567722","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210119345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119345","display_name":"59th Medical Wing","ror":"https://ror.org/01sq4yt06","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210119345"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John D. Childs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Send correspondence to Capt. John D. Childs, 59th Medical Wing/Wilford Hall Medical Center, Physical Therapy Element/MMKPP, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236-5300. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Send correspondence to Capt. John D. Childs, 59th Medical Wing/Wilford Hall Medical Center, Physical Therapy Element/MMKPP, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236-5300. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799567722","https://openalex.org/I4210119345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061084968","display_name":"Sara Regina Piva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-3151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-3151"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara R. Piva","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037492755","display_name":"Anthony Delitto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-3436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-3436"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Delitto","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7623,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59919028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.5253999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.5253999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11744","display_name":"Health Sciences Research and Education","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome","display_name":"patellofemoral pain","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trials","display_name":"randomized controlled trials","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-quality-assessment","display_name":"trial quality assessment","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservative-treatment","display_name":"conservative treatment","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acupuncture","display_name":"acupuncture","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadriceps-strengthening","display_name":"quadriceps strengthening","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patellar-taping","display_name":"patellar taping","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofeedback","display_name":"biofeedback","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-orthoses","display_name":"foot orthoses","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-pronation","display_name":"foot pronation","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-therapy","display_name":"exercise therapy","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blinding","display_name":"blinding","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomization-procedures","display_name":"randomization procedures","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9736982583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144437","display_name":"Patellofemoral pain syndrome","level":3,"score":0.8023747205734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.6691646575927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6539783477783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5072252750396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4191294312477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.3359012007713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.32652032375335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1339297592639923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0593639612197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010329","descriptor_name":"Patella","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013577","descriptor_name":"Syndrome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019317","descriptor_name":"Evidence-Based Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059408","descriptor_name":"Pain Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7609525","display_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy","issn_l":"0190-6011","issn":["0190-6011","1938-1344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323283832","host_organization_name":"American Physical Therapy Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323283832"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Therapy Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12570282","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12570282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.979200005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27718614","https://openalex.org/W160519122","https://openalex.org/W1482498493","https://openalex.org/W1503995466","https://openalex.org/W1515537098","https://openalex.org/W1525161423","https://openalex.org/W1607190847","https://openalex.org/W1797966052","https://openalex.org/W1908920827","https://openalex.org/W1926538600","https://openalex.org/W1930359675","https://openalex.org/W1966807762","https://openalex.org/W1967006520","https://openalex.org/W1970039357","https://openalex.org/W1970978462","https://openalex.org/W1972328044","https://openalex.org/W1974058683","https://openalex.org/W1975071885","https://openalex.org/W1976159564","https://openalex.org/W1982838398","https://openalex.org/W1986215651","https://openalex.org/W1998173955","https://openalex.org/W1999652049","https://openalex.org/W2006077038","https://openalex.org/W2011932878","https://openalex.org/W2012540033","https://openalex.org/W2015847230","https://openalex.org/W2016365471","https://openalex.org/W2019491304","https://openalex.org/W2021857448","https://openalex.org/W2023849104","https://openalex.org/W2023947740","https://openalex.org/W2026858584","https://openalex.org/W2028209671","https://openalex.org/W2029228164","https://openalex.org/W2030283467","https://openalex.org/W2031385454","https://openalex.org/W2042412457","https://openalex.org/W2050069830","https://openalex.org/W2050850070","https://openalex.org/W2051601949","https://openalex.org/W2052850360","https://openalex.org/W2074713392","https://openalex.org/W2083472170","https://openalex.org/W2083923088","https://openalex.org/W2084462310","https://openalex.org/W2091881464","https://openalex.org/W2092467722","https://openalex.org/W2096364906","https://openalex.org/W2099495605","https://openalex.org/W2103114237","https://openalex.org/W2105257662","https://openalex.org/W2106013910","https://openalex.org/W2111900582","https://openalex.org/W2118266607","https://openalex.org/W2120662305","https://openalex.org/W2127223496","https://openalex.org/W2134338262","https://openalex.org/W2141194525","https://openalex.org/W2141403362","https://openalex.org/W2142347181","https://openalex.org/W2143673580","https://openalex.org/W2146074876","https://openalex.org/W2147588530","https://openalex.org/W2167529680","https://openalex.org/W2170024511","https://openalex.org/W2201560343","https://openalex.org/W2264632321","https://openalex.org/W2413999925","https://openalex.org/W2777472079","https://openalex.org/W2780298452","https://openalex.org/W3143830761","https://openalex.org/W4214559180","https://openalex.org/W4226391346","https://openalex.org/W4255828633","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301115652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096845266","https://openalex.org/W1998658689","https://openalex.org/W2165772795","https://openalex.org/W4220875995","https://openalex.org/W7118189444","https://openalex.org/W7211992569","https://openalex.org/W1983477575","https://openalex.org/W7120904403","https://openalex.org/W1991533090","https://openalex.org/W2054100214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"STUDY":[0],"DESIGN:":[1],"Systematic":[2,41],"review":[3,26],"of":[4,17,27,43,48,57,68,105,127,192,198,205,215,220,223,230,237,245,251,273,280,289,332,355,359,362,365,371,374,379,386],"the":[5,15,28,44,58,72,86,95,102,124,164,193,218,221,224,233,238,243,271,278,330,333,339,343,353,377,383],"literature.":[6],"OBJECTIVES:":[7],"To":[8],"develop":[9],"a":[10,24,80,117,143,202,213,228,248,274,307],"grading":[11],"scale":[12,81,121,180],"to":[13,65,92,101,122,159,170,185,189,227,341,345],"judge":[14],"quality":[16,45,126,179,206],"randomized":[18],"clinical":[19,49,73,165,175,346,388],"trials":[20,50,128,199,246],"(RCTs)":[21],"and":[22,46,55,108,112,131,137,149,235,260,277,285,368,376,401],"conduct":[23],"systematic":[25],"published":[29],"RCTs":[30,99,140,323],"that":[31,168,200,254,328],"assess":[32,123],"nonoperative":[33,103],"treatments":[34,253],"for":[35,52,134,207,217,232],"patellofemoral":[36],"pain":[37,259],"syndrome":[38],"(PFPS).":[39],"BACKGROUND:":[40],"reviews":[42],"usefulness":[47],"allow":[51],"efficient":[53],"synthesis":[54],"dissemination":[56],"literature,":[59],"which":[60],"should":[61],"facilitate":[62],"clinicians'":[63],"efforts":[64],"incorporate":[66],"principles":[67],"evidence-based":[69],"practice":[70],"in":[71,85,98,116,163,173,257,263,293,301,352],"decision-making":[74],"process.":[75],"METHODS":[76],"AND":[77],"MEASURES:":[78],"Using":[79],"based":[82],"on":[83,242],"criteria":[84],"Cochrane":[87],"Collaboration":[88],"Handbook,":[89],"we":[90,181],"sought":[91],"critically":[93],"appraise":[94],"methodology":[96],"used":[97,155],"related":[100],"management":[104],"PFPS,":[106],"synthesize":[107],"interpret":[109],"our":[110,114],"results,":[111],"report":[113],"findings":[115],"user-friendly":[118],"fashion.":[119],"A":[120],"methodological":[125],"was":[129,183],"designed":[130],"pilot":[132],"tested":[133],"its":[135],"content":[136],"reliability.":[138],"Published":[139],"identified":[141],"during":[142],"literature":[144],"search":[145],"were":[146,255,267,315,350],"then":[147],"selected":[148],"rated":[150],"by":[151],"6":[152],"raters.":[153],"We":[154],"predefined":[156],"cutoff":[157],"scores":[158],"identify":[160],"specific":[161,209,395],"weaknesses":[162],"research":[166],"process":[167],"need":[169],"be":[171,186,399,404],"improved":[172],"future":[174],"trials.":[176],"RESULTS:":[177],"The":[178,196,287],"developed":[182],"demonstrated":[184],"sufficiently":[187],"reliable":[188],"warrant":[190],"interpretation":[191],"reviewers'":[194],"findings.":[195],"percentage":[197],"met":[201],"minimum":[203],"level":[204,250],"each":[208],"criterion":[210],"ranged":[211],"from":[212,318],"low":[214],"25%":[216],"adequacy":[219],"description":[222,234],"randomization":[225,356],"procedure":[226],"high":[229],"95%":[231],"standardization":[236],"intervention.":[239],"CONCLUSIONS:":[240],"Based":[241],"results":[244,334,344],"exhibiting":[247],"sufficient":[249],"quality,":[252],"effective":[256],"decreasing":[258,302],"improving":[261],"function":[262],"patients":[264,294,310],"with":[265,282,295,406],"PFPS":[266],"acupuncture,":[268],"quadriceps":[269],"strengthening,":[270],"use":[272,288],"resistive":[275],"brace,":[276],"combination":[279],"exercises":[281],"patellar":[283],"taping":[284],"biofeedback.":[286],"soft":[290],"foot":[291,297],"orthotics":[292],"excessive":[296],"pronation":[298],"appeared":[299],"useful":[300],"pain.":[303],"In":[304],"addition,":[305],"at":[306],"short-term":[308],"follow-up,":[309,360],"who":[311],"received":[312],"exercise":[313],"programs":[314],"discharged":[316],"earlier":[317],"physical":[319],"therapy.":[320],"Unfortunately,":[321],"most":[322],"reviewed":[324],"contained":[325],"qualitative":[326],"flaws":[327,349],"bring":[329],"validity":[331],"into":[335],"question,":[336],"thus":[337],"diminishing":[338],"ability":[340],"generalize":[342],"practice.":[347],"These":[348],"primarily":[351],"areas":[354],"procedures,":[357],"duration":[358],"control":[361],"cointerventions,":[363],"assurance":[364],"blinding,":[366],"accountability":[367],"proper":[369],"analysis":[370],"dropouts,":[372],"number":[373,385],"subjects,":[375],"relevance":[378],"outcomes.":[380],"Also,":[381],"given":[382],"limited":[384],"high-quality":[387],"trials,":[389],"recommendations":[390],"about":[391],"supporting":[392],"or":[393],"refuting":[394],"treatment":[396],"approaches":[397],"may":[398],"premature":[400],"can":[402],"only":[403],"made":[405],"caution.":[407]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}