{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008436613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","title":"Civilization and Syphilization: A Doctor and His Disease in Colonial Morocco","display_name":"Civilization and Syphilization: A Doctor and His Disease in Colonial Morocco","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008436613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","mag":"2008436613","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23603530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/504990/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71642434","display_name":"Bulletin of the history of medicine","issn_l":"0007-5140","issn":["0007-5140","1086-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/504990/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006412316","display_name":"Hannah-Louise Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-6549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-6549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hannah-Louise Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History/Program in History of Science, Princeton University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History/Program in History of Science, Princeton University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006412316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.6112,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99273428,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"1","first_page":"86","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.8500999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.8500999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.04749999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12585","display_name":"North African History and Literature","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syphilis","display_name":"syphilis","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-medicine","display_name":"colonial medicine","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-colonialism","display_name":"French colonialism","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maghreb","display_name":"Maghreb","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-medicine","display_name":"race and medicine","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venereology","display_name":"venereology","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fez","display_name":"Fez","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-and-disease","display_name":"climate and disease","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776983459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41083","display_name":"Syphilis","level":3,"score":0.944876492023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.7787487506866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122302079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432","display_name":"Civilization","level":2,"score":0.600498378276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5776675343513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66782513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864601","display_name":"Biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.5275183320045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5025053024291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.4911305606365204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.4866364896297455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4486159384250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3901987373828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3506132960319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3466985523700714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2791960537433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14510491490364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08533716201782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07269740104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009018","descriptor_name":"Morocco","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018595","descriptor_name":"Colonialism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/504990/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71642434","display_name":"Bulletin of the history of medicine","issn_l":"0007-5140","issn":["0007-5140","1086-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23603530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23603530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the history of medicine","raw_type":"Biography"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:147736","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/147736/1/147736.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/147736/1/147736.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/504990","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/504990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0003","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/504990/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71642434","display_name":"Bulletin of the history of medicine","issn_l":"0007-5140","issn":["0007-5140","1086-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2008436613.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2008436613.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13834003","https://openalex.org/W100739919","https://openalex.org/W325401491","https://openalex.org/W381489521","https://openalex.org/W384291811","https://openalex.org/W387909907","https://openalex.org/W582159757","https://openalex.org/W619143734","https://openalex.org/W646588264","https://openalex.org/W1481285699","https://openalex.org/W1483594209","https://openalex.org/W1488921202","https://openalex.org/W1495189822","https://openalex.org/W1508476229","https://openalex.org/W1554023884","https://openalex.org/W1554216051","https://openalex.org/W1590717518","https://openalex.org/W1591799860","https://openalex.org/W1964206805","https://openalex.org/W1966368552","https://openalex.org/W1973303785","https://openalex.org/W1975445921","https://openalex.org/W1981307432","https://openalex.org/W1982671958","https://openalex.org/W2002260073","https://openalex.org/W2008436613","https://openalex.org/W2010057744","https://openalex.org/W2012343710","https://openalex.org/W2016079637","https://openalex.org/W2017506436","https://openalex.org/W2018930350","https://openalex.org/W2019315807","https://openalex.org/W2030031281","https://openalex.org/W2037278485","https://openalex.org/W2040378140","https://openalex.org/W2052151457","https://openalex.org/W2053059669","https://openalex.org/W2056570778","https://openalex.org/W2059936248","https://openalex.org/W2060992986","https://openalex.org/W2078635722","https://openalex.org/W2105943818","https://openalex.org/W2120350179","https://openalex.org/W2123940103","https://openalex.org/W2127873689","https://openalex.org/W2153911181","https://openalex.org/W2167290994","https://openalex.org/W2203542003","https://openalex.org/W2300723550","https://openalex.org/W2303326589","https://openalex.org/W2324349232","https://openalex.org/W2798701874","https://openalex.org/W2801857523","https://openalex.org/W2901062666","https://openalex.org/W2981937195","https://openalex.org/W4240106660","https://openalex.org/W4299963834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387597741","https://openalex.org/W4408810200","https://openalex.org/W2339396398","https://openalex.org/W2247102856","https://openalex.org/W2298255659","https://openalex.org/W1495189822","https://openalex.org/W1592800653","https://openalex.org/W2338454692","https://openalex.org/W4249918928","https://openalex.org/W623536101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,58],"colonial":[1,126],"North":[2],"Africa":[3],"a":[4,10,45,74,102],"mutilating":[5],"disease":[6,68],"resembling":[7],"syphilis":[8,77,117],"was":[9,92,100],"focal":[11],"point":[12],"for":[13,51],"French":[14,40],"medical":[15],"debate":[16],"about":[17],"the":[18,23,31,39,67,119,129],"world":[19],"history":[20],"of":[21,26,33,55,76,96,105,113,122],"syphilis,":[22],"physiological":[24],"effects":[25],"climate":[27],"and":[28,30,53,65,82,115],"race,":[29],"science":[32],"microbiology.":[34],"From":[35],"1916":[36],"to":[37,72,124],"1919,":[38],"venereologist":[41],"Georges":[42],"Lacap\u00e8re":[43,114],"established":[44],"pilot":[46],"scheme":[47],"in":[48,79,87,109,128],"Fez,":[49],"Morocco,":[50,80],"diagnosis":[52],"treatment":[54],"\"native\"":[56],"syphilis.":[57],"1923":[59],"he":[60,85],"published":[61],"his":[62,106],"research":[63],"findings":[64],"coined":[66],"concept":[69],"\"Arab":[70],"syphilis\"":[71],"describe":[73],"form":[75],"found":[78],"Algeria,":[81],"Tunisia,":[83],"which":[84],"characterized":[86],"behavioral":[88],"terms.":[89],"Lacap\u00e8re's":[90],"work":[91],"not":[93],"simply":[94],"derivative":[95],"earlier":[97],"discourses,":[98],"nor":[99],"it":[101],"straightforward":[103],"outcome":[104],"clinical":[107],"experience":[108],"Morocco.":[110],"The":[111],"careers":[112],"Arab":[116],"problematize":[118],"analytical":[120],"use":[121],"race":[123],"understand":[125],"biomedicine":[127],"Maghreb.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
