{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008290545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297131","title":"European Regional Organizations, Political Conditionality, and Democratic Transformation in Eastern Europe","display_name":"European Regional Organizations, Political Conditionality, and Democratic Transformation in Eastern Europe","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008290545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297131","mag":"2008290545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0888325406297131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37477851","display_name":"East European Politics and Societies and Cultures","issn_l":"0888-3254","issn":["0888-3254","1533-8371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014012260","display_name":"Frank Schimmelfennig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-1819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-1819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Schimmelfennig","raw_affiliation_strings":["[ETH, Zurich]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ETH, Zurich]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014012260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":91.0851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99920083,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"126","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14302","display_name":"European Politics and Security","score":0.5654000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14302","display_name":"European Politics and Security","score":0.5654000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.23469999432563782,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14005","display_name":"Eastern European Communism and Reforms","score":0.13169999420642853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-conditionality","display_name":"political conditionality","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-and-eastern-europe","display_name":"Central and Eastern Europe","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-accession","display_name":"EU accession","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nato-accession","display_name":"NATO accession","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarian-regimes","display_name":"authoritarian regimes","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regime-change","display_name":"regime change","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-consolidation","display_name":"democratic consolidation","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-compliance","display_name":"rule compliance","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781205572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380245","display_name":"Conditionality","level":3,"score":0.919824481010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68346564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6229","display_name":"Authoritarianism","level":4,"score":0.8372621536254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7645877599716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.7467959523200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5826603174209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5612317323684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5433701872825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5353484749794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778221078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567586","display_name":"Accession","level":3,"score":0.4975161850452423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.4947766661643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3927038908004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3494551181793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2941133975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.19326555728912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.10529261827468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0963904857635498}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0888325406297131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37477851","display_name":"East European Politics and Societies and Cultures","issn_l":"0888-3254","issn":["0888-3254","1533-8371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129523666","https://openalex.org/W562218951","https://openalex.org/W1510393012","https://openalex.org/W1587946756","https://openalex.org/W1965217193","https://openalex.org/W1992755313","https://openalex.org/W2007487966","https://openalex.org/W2075132367","https://openalex.org/W2083633156","https://openalex.org/W2091934346","https://openalex.org/W2112840074","https://openalex.org/W2116485711","https://openalex.org/W2474766963","https://openalex.org/W3131495962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112725421","https://openalex.org/W2168294160","https://openalex.org/W2951015383","https://openalex.org/W2117448844","https://openalex.org/W2027822999","https://openalex.org/W2261864416","https://openalex.org/W7029159998","https://openalex.org/W2587524689","https://openalex.org/W4256290532","https://openalex.org/W1505359801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"and":[1,17,38,114,123,138],"under":[2],"which":[3,82],"conditions":[4],"have":[5],"European":[6,36],"regional":[7],"organizations":[8],"been":[9],"effective":[10,133],"promoters":[11],"of":[12,32,64,79,86,96,110,148],"democratic":[13,97,136,141,146],"change":[14],"in":[15,34,50,106,112,134,140,143],"Central":[16,113],"Eastern":[18,115],"Europe?":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"article,":[22],"the":[23,28,35,42,61,69,77,84,107,144,149],"author":[24],"argues":[25],"that":[26],"only":[27],"credible":[29],"conditional":[30],"promise":[31],"membership":[33],"Union":[37],"NATO":[39],"has":[40],"had":[41],"potential":[43],"to":[44,75],"produce":[45],"compliance":[46,65],"with":[47,126],"liberal-democratic":[48],"norms":[49],"norm-violating":[51],"transformation":[52],"countries.":[53],"These":[54],"incentives,":[55],"however,":[56],"were":[57,66],"not":[58],"sufficient":[59],"when":[60],"power":[62,92],"costs":[63],"high":[67],"for":[68,118],"target":[70],"governments.":[71],"They":[72],"did":[73],"little":[74],"alter":[76],"policies":[78],"authoritarian":[80,128],"governments,":[81],"forewent":[83],"benefits":[85],"accession":[87],"rather":[88],"than":[89],"risk":[90],"losing":[91],"as":[93],"a":[94],"result":[95],"reforms.":[98],"Thus,":[99],"whereas":[100],"political":[101],"conditionality":[102],"was":[103],"largely":[104],"redundant":[105],"forerunner":[108],"countries":[109,147],"democratization":[111],"Europe":[116],"(except":[117],"some":[119],"specific":[120],"reform":[121],"issues)":[122],"generally":[124],"ineffective":[125],"entrenched":[127],"regimes,":[129],"it":[130],"proved":[131],"highly":[132],"supporting":[135],"forces":[137],"locking":[139],"reforms":[142],"unstable":[145],"region.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}