{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008160093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00114.x","title":"The Debate on the Fourth Crusade","display_name":"The Debate on the Fourth Crusade","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008160093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00114.x","mag":"2008160093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00114.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00114.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00114.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201325571","display_name":"History Compass","issn_l":"1478-0542","issn":["1478-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History Compass","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074092583","display_name":"Jonathan Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-4802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-4802","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-8119"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Halloway, University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Halloway, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074092583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30361775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12999","display_name":"Medieval History and Crusades","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12999","display_name":"Medieval History and Crusades","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12266","display_name":"Byzantine Studies and History","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14451","display_name":"Historical and Religious Studies of Rome","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourth-crusade","display_name":"Fourth Crusade","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sack-of-constantinople","display_name":"sack of Constantinople","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historiography","display_name":"historiography","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conspiracy-theories","display_name":"conspiracy theories","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-byzantium","display_name":"medieval Byzantium","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crusades","display_name":"Crusades","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780565519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208937","display_name":"Multitude","level":2,"score":0.8514772653579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6865067481994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.646359920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5432213544845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4793182611465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.416207492351532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3981385827064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33992692828178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25880593061447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16358226537704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10152235627174377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.06790906190872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00114.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00114.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00114.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201325571","display_name":"History Compass","issn_l":"1478-0542","issn":["1478-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History Compass","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/1/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"History Compass, 2 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/2/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"History Compass, 2 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/3/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"History Compass, 2 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/4/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"History Compass, 2 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/5/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"History Compass, 2 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/6/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"History Compass, 2 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/7/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"History Compass, 2 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/8","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8ac58e5f-4de8-0317-ac16-a4948a17cacc/8/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"History Compass, 2 (1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6100000143051147}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W655615649","https://openalex.org/W1501303451","https://openalex.org/W1528128271","https://openalex.org/W1531332243","https://openalex.org/W1563175396","https://openalex.org/W1578792347","https://openalex.org/W1601928440","https://openalex.org/W1968652808","https://openalex.org/W1975891061","https://openalex.org/W1999865262","https://openalex.org/W2076242658","https://openalex.org/W2123380702","https://openalex.org/W2146769671","https://openalex.org/W2149317598","https://openalex.org/W2150600941","https://openalex.org/W2160370774","https://openalex.org/W2291205913","https://openalex.org/W2316257705","https://openalex.org/W2325397420","https://openalex.org/W2327807937","https://openalex.org/W2799492918","https://openalex.org/W4297961286","https://openalex.org/W4299830787","https://openalex.org/W6631520941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417432647","https://openalex.org/W2371114124","https://openalex.org/W2168950483","https://openalex.org/W1858324360","https://openalex.org/W2098003804","https://openalex.org/W1987706094","https://openalex.org/W4253893712","https://openalex.org/W3021560513","https://openalex.org/W4388321867","https://openalex.org/W59082735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"article":[2],"examines":[3],"attempts":[4],"over":[5],"the":[6,13,16,25,41,63,77],"past":[7],"200":[8],"years":[9],"to":[10,19,45,55,85],"account":[11],"for":[12],"diversion":[14],"of":[15,24,48,74,79],"Fourth":[17],"Crusade":[18],"Constantinople":[20],"and":[21,70],"its":[22],"sack":[23],"city":[26],"in":[27,65],"1204.":[28],"While":[29],"nineteenth\u2010century":[30],"scholars":[31],"dreamed":[32],"up":[33],"far\u2010fetched":[34],"conspiracy":[35],"theories,":[36],"their":[37],"successors":[38],"often":[39],"put":[40],"whole":[42],"thing":[43],"down":[44],"a":[46,58,66,72],"series":[47],"unforeseen":[49],"accidents.":[50],"The":[51],"debate":[52],"now":[53],"seems":[54],"have":[56,84],"reached":[57],"stage":[59],"where":[60],"historians":[61],"set":[62],"episode":[64],"much":[67],"wider":[68],"context":[69],"consider":[71],"multitude":[73],"factors,":[75],"though":[76],"element":[78],"chance":[80],"will":[81],"probably":[82],"always":[83],"feature.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}