{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008031322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.54.193","title":"A New Precision Method for the Determination of em for Electrons","display_name":"A New Precision Method for the Determination of em for Electrons","publication_year":1938,"publication_date":"1938-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008031322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.54.193","mag":"2008031322"},"language":"lv","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrev.54.193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.54.193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.54.193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54862371","display_name":"Physical Review","issn_l":"0031-899X","issn":["0031-899X","1536-6065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. E. Shaw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. E. Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson Physical Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson Physical Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"3","first_page":"193","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10523","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics","score":0.15700000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.08510000258684158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-charge-to-mass-ratio","display_name":"electron charge-to-mass ratio","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossed-electric-and-magnetic-fields","display_name":"crossed electric and magnetic fields","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniform-magnetic-field","display_name":"uniform magnetic field","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-energy-dependence","display_name":"electron energy dependence","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.6071014404296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5619389414787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5552718043327332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5477374196052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.46987825632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.38765817880630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3280690908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24182215332984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.21721649169921875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrev.54.193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.54.193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.54.193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54862371","display_name":"Physical Review","issn_l":"0031-899X","issn":["0031-899X","1536-6065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975267061","https://openalex.org/W1985710246","https://openalex.org/W2016947978","https://openalex.org/W2018276349","https://openalex.org/W2037467155","https://openalex.org/W2042539245","https://openalex.org/W2075856492","https://openalex.org/W2328036485","https://openalex.org/W2328345740","https://openalex.org/W4239046584","https://openalex.org/W4245754648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973802656","https://openalex.org/W129580680","https://openalex.org/W1670196843","https://openalex.org/W4245754648","https://openalex.org/W2361242799","https://openalex.org/W1981053533","https://openalex.org/W1989139025","https://openalex.org/W4237760014","https://openalex.org/W7166027138","https://openalex.org/W2042517633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134,156,202,236,259],"excellent":[1],"focusing":[2,48],"properties":[3],"of":[4,16,24,60,66,74,90,121,128,136,158,180,183,205,238,249,266,269,282,290,297],"crossed":[5,291],"electric":[6,187],"and":[7,76,94,124,147,188,272],"magnetic":[8,189,267],"fields":[9,268,292],"have":[10,50],"been":[11,51],"utilized":[12],"in":[13,34,78,254],"the":[14,22,36,44,64,84,88,91,122,125,152,162,171,206,211,214,218,222,231,239,247,264,288],"development":[15],"a":[17,71,98,108,129,176,181,250,273,280],"new,":[18,274],"precision":[19,215],"method":[20,29,260,289],"for":[21,26,39,185,263],"determination":[23,281],"$\\frac{e}{m}$":[25,40,159,283],"electrons.":[27],"This":[28,100],"differs":[30],"from":[31,97,107,175,195],"previous":[32],"methods":[33,80],"that":[35],"final":[37],"equation":[38],"does":[41],"not":[42,140],"involve":[43],"velocity":[45],"explicitly.":[46],"Moreover,":[47],"criteria":[49],"worked":[52],"out":[53],"which":[54],"effectively":[55],"eliminate":[56],"any":[57],"possible":[58],"influence":[59],"electron":[61,119],"energy":[62,89],"upon":[63,151],"value":[65,157],"$\\frac{e}{m}$.":[67],"That":[68],"this":[69,137,196,226],"is":[70,81,102,139,170,228],"great":[72,85,104,270],"source":[73],"error":[75,173,223,233],"uncertainty":[77],"other":[79],"shown":[82],"by":[83,197],"difference":[86,111],"between":[87,144],"electrons":[92],"before":[93],"after":[95],"emergence":[96],"slit.":[99],"effect":[101],"too":[103],"to":[105,117,225,284,293],"arise":[106],"contact":[109],"potential":[110],"but":[112,142],"it":[113],"can":[114,242],"be":[115,243,285],"attributed":[116],"direct":[118],"bombardment":[120],"slit":[123],"subsequent":[126],"formation":[127],"surface":[130],"charge":[131,138],"on":[132,213],"it.":[133],"magnitude":[135],"constant":[141],"varies":[143],"9":[145],"volts":[146],"24":[148],"volts,":[149],"depending":[150],"applied":[153],"accelerating":[154],"potential.":[155],"obtained":[160],"with":[161,217,256,287],"present":[163,207,219,240],"apparatus":[164],"is,":[165],"$\\frac{e}{{m}_{0}}=(1.7571\\ifmmode\\pm\\else\\textpm\\fi{}0.0013)\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}{10}^{7}$":[166],"e.m.u.,":[167],"where":[168],"0.0013":[169],"probable":[172,232],"derived":[174],"least":[177],"squares":[178],"solution":[179],"set":[182],"observations":[184],"various":[186],"field":[190],"intensities.":[191],"Other":[192],"sets":[193,210],"differed":[194],"less":[198,229],"than":[199,230],"1:":[200,298],"5000.":[201],"mechanical":[203],"accuracy":[204,296],"cylindrical":[208,276],"condenser":[209,241,252,277],"limit":[212],"attainable":[216],"apparatus.":[220],"However,":[221],"due":[224],"cause":[227],"stated":[234],"above.":[235],"limitations":[237],"reduced":[244],"considerably":[245],"through":[246],"use":[248],"new":[251],"designed":[253],"accordance":[255],"kinematic":[257],"principles.":[258],"presented":[261],"here":[262],"production":[265],"uniformity":[271],"precise":[275],"would":[278],"permit":[279],"made":[286],"within":[294],"an":[295],"3000.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}