{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007973098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019388108","title":"Assessing climate change impacts on the near-term stability of the wind energy resource over the United States","display_name":"Assessing climate change impacts on the near-term stability of the wind energy resource over the United States","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007973098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019388108","mag":"2007973098","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21536905","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3100965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1019388108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019388108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019388108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3100965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063428889","display_name":"S. C. Pryor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-3440","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-3440"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. C. Pryor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences and the Center for Research in Environmental Science, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405","Atmospheric Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences and the Center for Research in Environmental Science, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences and the Center for Research in Environmental Science, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences and the Center for Research in Environmental Science, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067324854","display_name":"R. J. Barthelmie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0403-6046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0403-6046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Barthelmie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences and the Center for Research in Environmental Science, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405","Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences and the Center for Research in Environmental Science, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":165,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95771539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"108","issue":"20","first_page":"8167","last_page":"8171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy-potential","display_name":"wind energy potential","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts","display_name":"climate change impacts","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed-projections","display_name":"wind speed projections","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-climate-model-simulation","display_name":"regional climate model simulation","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy","display_name":"wind energy","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.7475734949111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6737059354782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6417945027351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5785785913467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5087185502052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.4940364956855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.4917166531085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4726749360561371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.462137371301651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.4554031789302826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.45451945066452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16747140884399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1319606900215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12891757488250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11488077044487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11216241121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0933668315410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09086203575134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004736","descriptor_name":"Energy-Generating Resources","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014919","descriptor_name":"Wind","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057231","descriptor_name":"Climate Change","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1019388108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019388108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019388108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2218167","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3100965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21536905","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21536905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3100965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3100965/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2218167","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3100965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5622254829","display_name":"Collaborative Research:   Climate Change Impacts on Regional Wind Climates","funder_award_id":"1019603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309037","display_name":"Office of Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520428197","https://openalex.org/W1976178551","https://openalex.org/W1977212456","https://openalex.org/W1980126810","https://openalex.org/W1983058424","https://openalex.org/W1985479415","https://openalex.org/W1986623746","https://openalex.org/W1989668498","https://openalex.org/W1996653992","https://openalex.org/W2003164867","https://openalex.org/W2010436959","https://openalex.org/W2068489609","https://openalex.org/W2081676979","https://openalex.org/W2086190152","https://openalex.org/W2087405923","https://openalex.org/W2096486666","https://openalex.org/W2104207498","https://openalex.org/W2105351595","https://openalex.org/W2109653395","https://openalex.org/W2110459180","https://openalex.org/W2139514072","https://openalex.org/W2158140310","https://openalex.org/W2907110490","https://openalex.org/W2939474406","https://openalex.org/W2970147465","https://openalex.org/W4238239513","https://openalex.org/W6631578398","https://openalex.org/W6762158796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110459180","https://openalex.org/W3093712771","https://openalex.org/W4242643113","https://openalex.org/W1994543696","https://openalex.org/W3154232551","https://openalex.org/W1932281095","https://openalex.org/W4232963161","https://openalex.org/W3000841926","https://openalex.org/W3087052754","https://openalex.org/W3009856194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38],"energy":[1,18,40,88,143,161],"sector":[2],"comprises":[3],"approximately":[4],"two-thirds":[5],"of":[6,35,46,85,108,121,140,152],"global":[7],"total":[8],"greenhouse":[9],"gas":[10],"emissions.":[11],"For":[12],"this":[13,155],"and":[14,58,100,104,125,164],"other":[15],"reasons,":[16],"renewable":[17],"resources":[19],"including":[20],"wind":[21,39,56,76,87,111,135,142,160],"power":[22],"are":[23],"being":[24],"increasingly":[25],"harnessed":[26],"to":[27,80,167,171],"provide":[28],"electricity":[29,172],"generation":[30,120],"potential":[31],"with":[32],"negligible":[33],"emissions":[34],"carbon":[36],"dioxide.":[37],"resource":[41,136],"is":[42,53,60],"naturally":[43],"a":[44,169],"function":[45],"the":[47,51,54,63,82,86,94,118,130,134,138,149,159,180],"climate":[48,123],"system":[49],"because":[50],"\"fuel\"":[52],"incident":[55],"speed":[57],"thus":[59],"determined":[61],"by":[62],"atmospheric":[64],"circulation.":[65],"Some":[66],"recent":[67],"articles":[68],"have":[69],"reported":[70],"historical":[71,102,150],"declines":[72],"in":[73,97,137,174],"measured":[74],"near-surface":[75],"speeds,":[77],"leading":[78],"some":[79],"question":[81],"continued":[83],"viability":[84],"industry.":[89],"Here":[90],"we":[91],"briefly":[92],"articulate":[93],"challenges":[95],"inherent":[96],"accurately":[98],"quantifying":[99],"attributing":[101],"tendencies":[103],"making":[105],"robust":[106],"projections":[107],"likely":[109],"future":[110],"resources.":[112],"We":[113],"then":[114],"analyze":[115],"simulations":[116],"from":[117],"current":[119],"regional":[122],"models":[124],"show,":[126],"at":[127,178],"least":[128,179],"for":[129,177],"next":[131,181],"50":[132],"years,":[133],"regions":[139,176],"greatest":[141],"penetration":[144],"will":[145],"not":[146],"move":[147],"beyond":[148],"envelope":[151],"variability.":[153],"Thus":[154],"work":[156],"suggests":[157],"that":[158],"industry":[162],"can,":[163],"will,":[165],"continue":[166],"make":[168],"contribution":[170],"provision":[173],"these":[175],"several":[182],"decades.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}