{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007958752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861566","title":"Mechanistic studies for optical switching materials for space environments","display_name":"Mechanistic studies for optical switching materials for space environments","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007958752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861566","mag":"2007958752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.861566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045267383","display_name":"George W. Rayfield","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George W. Rayfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Oregon (United States)","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Oregon, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Oregon (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Oregon, United States#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abhijit Sarkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301400270","display_name":"Michigan Molecular Institute (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03r35eh66","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301400270"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijit Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan Molecular Institute, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Molecular Institute, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301400270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109400034","display_name":"Salma Rahman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301400270","display_name":"Michigan Molecular Institute (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03r35eh66","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301400270"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salma Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan Molecular Institute, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Molecular Institute, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301400270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022187671","display_name":"James P. Godschalx","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301400270","display_name":"Michigan Molecular Institute (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03r35eh66","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301400270"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James P. Godschalx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan Molecular Institute, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Molecular Institute, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301400270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027827663","display_name":"Edward W. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1306-254X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1306-254X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward W. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78415218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7817","issue":null,"first_page":"781703","last_page":"781703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11788","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11788","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11025","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Research","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-power-limiters","display_name":"optical power limiters","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-optical-materials","display_name":"nonlinear optical materials","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-radiation-effects","display_name":"space radiation effects","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbranched-polymers","display_name":"hyperbranched polymers","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-composites","display_name":"polymer composites","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"carbon nanotubes","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-safety","display_name":"laser safety","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-effects","display_name":"temperature effects","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-scattering","display_name":"light scattering","score":0.8429999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6204004287719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5377419590950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.532254159450531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.4791785478591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.4553067088127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.44448918104171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78854221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","level":3,"score":0.4380950927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.4194217622280121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2520955204963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1998176872730255}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.861566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554301084","https://openalex.org/W1965244606","https://openalex.org/W1967298892","https://openalex.org/W1969513394","https://openalex.org/W1975390742","https://openalex.org/W1977008134","https://openalex.org/W1977707299","https://openalex.org/W1983669698","https://openalex.org/W2013259097","https://openalex.org/W2018007511","https://openalex.org/W2048272316","https://openalex.org/W2056870969","https://openalex.org/W2059204454","https://openalex.org/W2067762763","https://openalex.org/W2071948239","https://openalex.org/W2105615078","https://openalex.org/W2109798314","https://openalex.org/W2117628836","https://openalex.org/W2155647467","https://openalex.org/W2330513875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975390742","https://openalex.org/W1678181140","https://openalex.org/W4411690760","https://openalex.org/W4403070727","https://openalex.org/W1974809126","https://openalex.org/W2056793197","https://openalex.org/W7169578034","https://openalex.org/W1983980346","https://openalex.org/W2092796218","https://openalex.org/W3149692346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"power":[1,24,47],"limiters":[2],"(OPLs)":[3],"are":[4,113],"nonlinear":[5,185],"optical":[6,18,23,46,60,109],"(NLO)":[7],"devices":[8,85],"that":[9,86,144,184],"limit":[10],"the":[11,28,31,41,51,70,76,126,131,174,189],"amount":[12],"of":[13,30,40,80,130],"energy":[14],"transmitted":[15],"in":[16,69,100,108,121,125,155],"an":[17,96],"system.":[19,42],"At":[20,43],"low":[21],"incident":[22,45],"or":[25,48,62,124],"pulse":[26,49],"energy,":[27,50],"transmission":[29,52],"system":[32],"is":[33,73,93,177,187],"high":[34,44,146,163],"enough":[35],"to":[36,54,75,153,173],"allow":[37],"nominal":[38],"operation":[39],"decreases":[53],"protect":[55],"sensitive":[56],"components":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59],"receivers":[61],"transmitters.":[63],"The":[64],"interest":[65],"OPLs":[66],"for":[67,192],"use":[68],"space":[71,81,105,159],"environment":[72],"due":[74],"increasingly":[77],"large":[78],"number":[79],"based":[82],"missions":[83],"and":[84,104,110,116,149],"require":[87],"laser":[88,91,99],"protection":[89],"from":[90],"beam":[92],"coming":[94],"from,":[95],"enemy,":[97],"misaligned":[98],"equipment,":[101],"etc.":[102],"Temperature":[103],"radiation-induced":[106],"effects":[107],"electronic":[111],"materials":[112],"well":[114],"known":[115],"they":[117],"can":[118],"cause":[119],"disruption":[120],"OPL":[122,139,147,193],"functions,":[123],"worst":[127],"case,":[128],"failure":[129],"sensor.":[132],"Recently,":[133],"certain":[134],"hyperbranched":[135],"polymer-based":[136],"composites":[137],"containing":[138,167],"chromophores":[140],"have":[141,150],"been":[142,151],"developed":[143],"offer":[145],"performance":[148,164],"shown":[152],"function":[154],"a":[156],"simulated":[157],"+":[158],"environment.":[160],"One":[161],"novel":[162],"polymer":[165,175],"material":[166],"carbon":[168],"nanotubes":[169],"(CNT)":[170],"covalently":[171],"attached":[172],"host":[176],"promising.":[178],"Preliminary":[179],"light":[180],"scattering":[181,186],"measurements":[182],"suggest":[183],"not":[188],"primary":[190],"mechanism":[191],"performance.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}