{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007911281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02372","title":"Fracture Risk Assessment in African American Women Using Quantitative Ultrasound of the Os Calcis","display_name":"Fracture Risk Assessment in African American Women Using Quantitative Ultrasound of the Os Calcis","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007911281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02372","mag":"2007911281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1249/00005768-200605001-02372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059414709","display_name":"Natalie Louise Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-4543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-4543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","Email: [email\u00a0protected]","Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067579128","display_name":"Naiman A. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-9389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-9389","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-2977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naiman Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","Email: [email\u00a0protected]","Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082070839","display_name":"Michael T. Zanovec","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Zanovec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","Email: [email\u00a0protected]","Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006899671","display_name":"Tyra Toston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyra Toston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","Email: [email\u00a0protected]","Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025247809","display_name":"Kirk Vidrine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirk Vidrine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","Email: [email\u00a0protected]","Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019539607","display_name":"Jacob LeBas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob LeBas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","Email: [email\u00a0protected]","Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075786760","display_name":"Georgianna Tuuri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-8852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-8852"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgianna Tuuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","Email: [email\u00a0protected]","Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108402087","display_name":"J. Mark Loftin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Mark Loftin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","Email: [email\u00a0protected]","Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supported by Louisiana State University College of Agriculture Undergraduate Grant 101.40.6143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"Supplement","first_page":"S352","last_page":"S352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-ultrasound","display_name":"quantitative ultrasound","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcaneus","display_name":"calcaneus","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-quality","display_name":"bone quality","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness-index","display_name":"stiffness index","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis","display_name":"osteoporosis","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporotic-fracture-risk","display_name":"osteoporotic fracture risk","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-women","display_name":"African American women","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry","display_name":"dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-risk-assessment","display_name":"fracture risk assessment","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteopenia","display_name":"osteopenia","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-health-screening","display_name":"community health screening","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-test-sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"screening sensitivity and specificity","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8425875902175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.7350796461105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444351","display_name":"Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","level":4,"score":0.5488893389701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.5099266767501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777083390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367706","display_name":"Osteopenia","level":4,"score":0.5021958351135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176503","display_name":"Femur","level":2,"score":0.4987599849700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.4581197500228882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.355008065700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.33395636081695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.33078885078430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23582586646080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.23577651381492615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1249/00005768-200605001-02372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000553852","https://openalex.org/W1988996618","https://openalex.org/W6964767856","https://openalex.org/W2008620946","https://openalex.org/W2037655428","https://openalex.org/W2076888991","https://openalex.org/W2038816201","https://openalex.org/W2130345791","https://openalex.org/W2570531598","https://openalex.org/W2094731290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Osteoporosis":[0],"is":[1,21],"a":[2,101,162,359,384],"disease":[3],"characterized":[4],"by":[5,123,342],"reduced":[6,392],"bone":[7,26,40,49,120,348,371,393],"mass":[8,121],"and":[9,51,89,98,111,139,157,233,273,278,298,310,367,395],"quality":[10,41,50,349,372,394],"with":[11,238,249,294,300,350],"increased":[12],"risk":[13,52,76,263,399],"for":[14,36,53,77,181,264,400],"fracture.":[15,403],"While":[16],"dual-energy":[17,90],"X-ray":[18,91],"absorptiometry":[19,92],"(DXA)":[20,93],"typically":[22],"used":[23,129,178],"to":[24,130,179,281,314,374],"assess":[25],"density":[27],"(BMD),":[28],"the":[29,37,64,86,95,124,132,158,174,196,239,250,271,282,289,295,301,305,338,353],"technique":[30],"of":[31,39,63,85,94,103,109,118,173,317,337,362,370,387],"quantitative":[32,61,82],"ultrasound":[33,62,83],"(QUS)":[34,84],"allows":[35],"assessment":[38,277],"or":[42],"stiffness":[43],"index":[44],"(SI).":[45],"PURPOSE:":[46],"To":[47],"examine":[48],"osteoporotic":[54,182,354,402],"fracture":[55,78,183,265,355],"in":[56,100,184,261,352],"African":[57,104,186,363,388],"American":[58,105,187,364,389],"women":[59,106,133,188,339,365,390],"using":[60,380],"os":[65,87,175,222],"calcis.":[66],"METHODS:":[67],"This":[68],"investigation":[69],"included":[70],"two":[71,290],"separate":[72],"studies.":[73],"First,":[74],"T-score":[75,140,344],"was":[79,148,161,177,236,268,292,331],"compared":[80,280],"between":[81,230,270,288],"calcis":[88,176,223],"dual":[96,208,240,275,296],"femur":[97,209,241,276,297],"spine":[99,215,251,284,302],"group":[102,361],"forty":[107],"years":[108,316],"age":[110,202,318,320],"older":[112],"(n":[113],"=":[114,137,143,203,211,217,225,243,246,254,257,321],"20).":[115],"The":[116,145,228,259,286],"definitions":[117],"low":[119,347],"proposed":[122],"world":[125],"health":[126,192],"organization":[127],"were":[128,326,340],"classify":[131],"(T-score":[134,266],"\u2264":[135,141],"\u22121.0":[136],"osteopenia":[138],"\u22122.5":[142],"osteoporosis).":[144],"QUS":[146,171,231,272,366,381],"apparatus":[147],"an":[149],"Achilles":[150],"Insight":[151],"(GE":[152,165],"Medical":[153,166],"Systems,":[154,167],"Madison,":[155,168],"WI)":[156],"DXA":[159,234,274,283,368],"device":[160],"Prodigy":[163],"Pro":[164],"WI).":[169],"Secondly,":[170],"measurement":[172],"screen":[180],"ambulatory":[185],"attending":[189],"local":[190],"community":[191],"fairs.":[193],"RESULTS:":[194],"In":[195,304,358],"first":[197],"study,":[198,307],"mean":[199],"descriptives":[200],"were:":[201],"55.2":[204],"\u00b1":[205,219,323,333],"11.0":[206],"yrs,":[207],"BMD":[210,216,235,252],"1.000":[212],"\u00b10.181":[213],"g-cm-2,":[214,221],"1.180":[218],"0.214":[220],"SI":[224,232,329,343],"97.4":[226],"\u00b121.6.":[227],"correlation":[229],"greater":[237],"(r":[242,253],"0.78,":[244],"p":[245,256],"0.00)":[247],"than":[248],"0.65,":[255],"0.00).":[258],"sensitivity":[260],"identifying":[262],"<-1.0)":[267],"100%":[269],"80%":[279],"assessment.":[285,303],"specificity":[287],"machines":[291],"87%":[293],"86%":[299],"second":[306],"one":[308],"hundred":[309],"nineteen":[311],"women,":[312],"40":[313],"94":[315],"(mean":[319],"64.3":[322],"10.5":[324],"years)":[325],"measured.":[327],"Mean":[328],"value":[330],"92":[332],"21.9.":[334],"Forty-two":[335],"percent":[336],"classified":[341],"as":[345],"having":[346],"5%":[351],"range.":[356],"CONCLUSIONS:":[357],"small":[360],"assessments":[369],"appear":[373],"be":[375,397],"very":[376],"similar.":[377],"Community":[378],"screening":[379],"suggests":[382],"that":[383],"large":[385],"percentage":[386],"have":[391],"may":[396],"at":[398],"future":[401]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}